El presente perfecto The present perfect tense in Spanish

¿Qué es el presente perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle

Por ejemplo… For example: For example: I have played tennis. I have played tennis. She has sung at weddings. She has sung at weddings. We have flown in a plane. We have flown in a plane.

Para formar in inglés To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle To form the present participle we combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” “I” is the subject “I” is the subject “have” is the helping verb “have” is the helping verb “been” is the past participle “been” is the past participle

Para formar en español In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example: For example: Yo he bailado. Yo he bailado. I have danced. Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. We haven’t studied for the test.

The present tense of haber hehemos hashabéis hahan

Remember… How to form the past participle:  For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado  For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido

Para formar… Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar: he estudiado hemos estudiado has estudiado habéis estudiado ha estudiado han estudiado

Para formar… As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs) hehemos hashabéis hahan

…with the past participle of estudiar hehemos hashabéis hahan estudiado estudiado

Now you try… he ________ hemos _______ has ________ habéis ________ ha ________ han ________ On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:

he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habéis hablado ha hablado han hablado Is this what you came up with?

Let’s try another… Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar: __ ________ ____ _______ _____ ________ __ ________ ___ ________

Is this what you got? he tomado hemos tomado has tomado habéis tomado ha tomado han tomado

Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer: __ ______ _____ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ __ ______ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he comido hemos comido has comido habéis comido ha comido han comido

Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir: __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ___ ______

Is this what you came up with? he ido hemos ido has ido habéis ido ha ido han ido

Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it is irregular in both present an preterit tenses. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:

Not exactly irregular but… -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caídocreer → creído leer → leídooír → oído reír → reídotraer → traído

Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abiertocubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubiertoescribir → escrito morir → muertoponer → puesto romper → rotover → visto volver → vuelto volver → vuelto

More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho

¡Practicamos! See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1.ella / abrir 2.Marta y yo / tocar 3.Gonzalo / crecer 4.Tú y tus amigos / reír 5.Mis padres / hacer 6.Tus abuelos / cubrir 7.Rogelio y Ramón / escribir

Nunca he hecho… Everyone starts with 5 fingers up. The object of the game is to get other people “out” by making them put down a finger. Everyone starts with 5 fingers up. The object of the game is to get other people “out” by making them put down a finger. You make a statement about something you haven’t done (Nunca he ido a Francia), and anyone who has done this thing has to put down his/her finger. Then the person on your left takes a turn. You make a statement about something you haven’t done (Nunca he ido a Francia), and anyone who has done this thing has to put down his/her finger. Then the person on your left takes a turn. You must tell the truth! You must tell the truth!

Mneumonic Devices A mneumonic device is a trick you use to remember something difficult to remember A mneumonic device is a trick you use to remember something difficult to remember How can we remember the irregular past participles? How can we remember the irregular past participles? abrir → abiertocubrir → cubierto decir → dichodescubrir → descubierto escribir → escritohacer → hecho morir → muertoponer → puesto romper → rotover → visto volver → vuelto volver → vuelto