Past Participles as Adjectives

 Adjectives that are formed from verbs are called past participles.  In ENGLISH past participles usually end in  “ed” and they are frequently used with the verb “to be” to describe people, places, and things.  Example: The article is published.  El artículo está publicado.  Adjectives that are formed from verbs are called past participles.  In ENGLISH past participles usually end in  “ed” and they are frequently used with the verb “to be” to describe people, places, and things.  Example: The article is published.  El artículo está publicado.

Past Participles as Adjectives  Past participles are frequently used with the verb “estar” to describe the result of an action.  To form most past participles of verbs in Spanish, you drop the ending of the infinitive (ar/er/ir) and add –ado to the stem for –ar verbs or –ido to the stem for er/ir verbs.  As with all adjectives in Spanish, they should agree in number & gender with the nouns they describe.  Past participles are frequently used with the verb “estar” to describe the result of an action.  To form most past participles of verbs in Spanish, you drop the ending of the infinitive (ar/er/ir) and add –ado to the stem for –ar verbs or –ido to the stem for er/ir verbs.  As with all adjectives in Spanish, they should agree in number & gender with the nouns they describe.

Past Participles as Adjectives  What are the past participles for these verbs?  Arreglar  Esconder  Pedir  Cerrar  perder  What are the past participles for these verbs?  Arreglar  Esconder  Pedir  Cerrar  perder  Arreglado  Escondido  Pedido  Cerrado  perdido  Arreglado  Escondido  Pedido  Cerrado  perdido

Past Participles as Adjectives  When the past participle is used as an adjective, be sure the ending agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.  La oficina está cerrada.  The office is closed.  Nosotros estamos perdidos.  We are lost.  Carmen está bien vestida hoy.  Carmen is well dressed today.  When the past participle is used as an adjective, be sure the ending agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.  La oficina está cerrada.  The office is closed.  Nosotros estamos perdidos.  We are lost.  Carmen está bien vestida hoy.  Carmen is well dressed today.

Past Participles as Adjectives Caer Reír Creer Sonreír Leer Traer Oír  Caído  Reído  Creído  Sonreído  Leídi  Traído  oído The past participle of –er and –ir verbs whose stems end in –a, -e, or –o carry a written accent mark on the i in the ido ending :

Past Participles as Adjectives  Abrir (to open)  Decir (to say/to tell)  Descubrir (to discover)  Escribir (to write)  Freír ( to fry)  Hacer (to do/to make)  Imprimir (to print)  Ir (to go)  Morir (to die)  Abierto  Dicho  Descubierto  Escrito  Frito  Hecho  Impreso  Ido  muerto ***As always, there are some verbs that have irregular past participles :

Past Participles as Adjectives  Poner (to put)  Resolver (to solve)  Romper (to break)  Ver (to see)  Volver (to return)  Puesto  Resuelto  Roto  Visto  Vuelto ***As always, there are some verbs that have irregular past participles :

Práctica 1. La ducha no funciona. Está ______ (romper). 2. El horno está _______ (arreglar). 3. Las tapas están ______ (pedir). 4. Mi computadora está _______. (conectar) 5. Nosotros estamos ________ (relajar). 1. Rota 2. arreglado 3. Pedidas 4. Conectada 5. relajados

1. The refrigerator is open. 2. The essay is written. 3. The meat is fried. 4. The cake is done. 5. The tickets are printed. 6. The cats are dead. 7. The microwave is fixed. 8. The bathtub is broken. 1. La nevera está abierta 2. El ensayo está escrito 3. La carne está frita 4. El pastel está hecho. 5. Los boletos están impresos 6. Los gatos están muertos 7. El microondas está arreglado 8. La bañera está rota