Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional Seminario NAM/CAR/SAM sobre el Programa de Garantía de Calidad en ATS “Quality for tomorrow begins today” (Ciudad de México, México del 16 al 20 de octubre de 2000)

GARANTÍA Y CONTROL DE CALIDAD EN MET por Aníbal Saraiva Especialista Regional, Meteorología Aeronáutica, Oficina Norteamérica, Centroamérica y Caribe Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional

GARANTÍA Y CONTROL DE CALIDAD EN MET El Anexo 3 de al OACI establece: Cada Estado Contratante: determinará el servicio MET a suministrar a la navegación aérea internacional designará la autoridad (autoridad meteorológica) que en su nombre, suministre o haga arreglos para que suministre el servicio MET asegura que el servicio MET cumpla con los requisitos del Anexo 3 y las normas OMM sobre calificaciones, capacitación, control de calidad de las observaciones, instrumentos y pronósticos In this practical exercise, based on a real case and on Appendix 6 of the Manual, we are going to follow the three phases described earlier, I.e inventory, determining costs, and allocating them. Let’s start with the inventory of facilities and services.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Disponibilidad de información meteorológica de elevada calidad es factor fundamental para la eficiencia y seguridad de las operaciones Las consecuencias en las operaciones aéreas de la variación del viento, la visibilidad, la temperatura o la presión requieren estaciones MET equipadas con instrumentos precisos y fiables - Capacitar al usuario de la información MET factor fundamental para confiar en la precisión y disponibilidad de los datos. The basic questions that we will need to have permanently in our minds when making the inventory are the following: ...

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Objetivo del Control de Calidad: detectar los errores corregir los errores We have already seen that there are two main categories of facilities and services. Let’s start with those that serve exclusively aeronautical requirements.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales - ¿Cómo lograr el control de calidad de las observaciones? Filtrando los reportes faltantes Corrigiendo errores En el sitio de la observación Previo a su difusión Previo a ser archivados - WAFCs there are only two such centres in the world (UK and USA). It is therefore not justified to include this item in the inventory for an African or an Asian country. Note however that the reception and data processing of WAFS data can be made under a subsequent item. - RAFC can only be included in States providing of such centres (eg Nairobi in Eastern Africa) - VAAC can only be included in States providing of such centres (eg Toulouse in France) - TCAC (same as above)

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Errores más frecuentes: inherentes a la utilización del equipo aportaciones subjetivas de los observadores procedimientos de observación defectuosos ubicación no representativa de los instrumentos - MWOsonly those offices are listed in air navigation plans should be included in the inventory - Aerodr MET office (same as above) - Aerodr. MET stations. There is usually a great number of such stations in the States, but most of them only have a domestic use; only the one(s) located in an international airport should be included (see regional plan) - Oper of reg OPMET data bank: this itemis only applicable to the international OPMET data bank provider States; for example, no such data bank is located in the AFI region and cannot therefore be included in the inventory. - Telecom: this item should in principle be included, with certain conditions. For example if a SADIS VSAT receiving station has been installed.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Otros errores: transferencia de la información instrumentos telecomunicaciones extracción valores gráficos extracción valores tablas The objective of this exercise is to produce a table which is shown here in a simplified format. Basically, for each item (facility or service), a cost figure will have to be shown under the “capital cost”column (if applicable) and the “recurrent cost”column. The investment cost is divided by the number of years of depreciation (life period of the equipment, for example), to obtain an annual depreciation cost. Financial costs, if any, have to be added under this column as well.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Métodos automáticos Métodos manuales Otros métodos To summarize the different types of costs which have to be taken into consideration: - capital costs include investment cost of the building or the equipment concerned, the annual depreciation of the building or the equipment concerned, and financial costs (interests paid), if applicable. For some items there will be no such costs. - recurrent costs should include personnel costs, consumables, spare parts, maintenance, leasing, that is all costs related to operation and maintenance, as well as overheads.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Métodos Automáticos Valores Límite Evaluaciones de consistencia Consistencia temporal Consistencia interna Some problems may arise during negotiations between CAA and MET authorities on the following aspects: - the quantity of personnel to take into account is some stations. Standards have sometimes to be set in order to avoid that too many staff be included that are not really justified. - the same type of difficulty may arise with the number of stations to take into consideration, if this number is not defined in WMO or ICAO documents - maintenance costs are not always precisely known. It is recommended to estimate them as explained later on. - Equipment and services provided by CAAs should not be included in the cost basis for the recovery of MET costs (*we’ll come back on this important aspect later on)

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Métodos Manuales Posibilidades limitadas de los observadores para efectuar el control de calidad previo a la difusión de la observación Libre acceso a las estadísticas de los elementos meterológicos concernientes The objective of this exercise is to determine an aeronautical factor for each item. For all items of the first list (exclusive aeronautical use) this is very simple: the factor will obviously be 100 per cent. For items in the second list (shared utilization), the percentages will vary in each country. There is no general rule. The factors have to be determined by consensus between the parties negotiating.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Otros Métodos Capacitación/cursos periódicos de actualización para observadores especializados y no especializados Revisiones y evaluaciones de las condiciones ambientales locales Verificaciones ocasionales Here the range is even wider, from 0% to 100%, through all intermediate situations. As indicated on the slide, some guidance is provided in Appendix 6 of the Manual, through letters attributed to each facility or service.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Disposiciones del Anexo 3 sobre la Garantía y Control de Calidad Conclusión 39/11 a) del GEPNA Propuesta de enmienda del Anexo 3 y enmiendas consiguientes de los Anexos 11 y 15, de los PANS-ABC, PANS-OPS y PANS - RAC There is a number of assumptions that have to be taken into consideration when determining costs: - cost of personnel include salaries plus allowances - for maintenance costs, if no actual cost is available, take 15% of annual depreciation cost (this is only an estimate that should not necessarily be applied as a first choice if the actual figure is available, since in most of the cases the actual cost will be superior to this percentage) - depreciation periods should vary according to the type of item considered (guidance is provided in Chapter4 of the Manual) - facilities obtained by the MET departments through donations should be included in the cost basis for depreciation and recurrent costs purpose. Facilities provided, operated and maintained by the CAA should not be included in the inventory. However facilities provided by the CAA and not operated nor maintained by it should be included for recurrent cost purpose.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Disposiciones del Anexo 3 sobre la Garantía y Control de Calidad La propuesta: Clarifica la posibilidad final del control y la gestión de calidad MET reside en el Estado Contratante a través de la autoridad meteorológica autorizada. Introduce requisitos respecto a las calificaciones e invitación del personal MET en relación con los documentos normativos de la OMM. This is a more elaborated format of the initial table. We now have more columns, with more details. The main new feature is the aeronautical factor, which is applied to the costs, in order to obtain an “annual aeronautical cost”both for Capital costs and Recurrent costs. The objective is to summarize in such a table data for all items, and then sum it up to obtain a total figure which will be the cost to be reimbursed by the CAA (note that the amount recovered by MET could be inferior to 100% if the CAA itself does not recover 100% of its own costs).

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Definiciones propuestas: Garantía de calidad.- Todas las actividades planificadas y sistemáticas realizadas dentro del sistema de calidad que se ha demostrado que son necesarias para proporcionar una confianza adecuada de que la entidad cumplirá con los requisitos de calidad (ISO 8402). Control de Calidad.- Técnicas operacionales y actividades utilizadas para complementar los requisitos de calidad (ISO 8402). The next step will be to apply to aeronautical costs an “en route” or “airport”factor, as shown in the table.

Control de Calidad de las Observaciones de Aeródromo Actuales Disposiciones del Anexo 3 sobre la Garantía y Control de Calidad Gestión de calidad. Todas las actividades de la función general de gestión que determinan la política, objetivos y responsabilidades de calidad y que las aplican por medio de planificación de calidad, control de calidad, garantía de calidad y mejora de la calidad dentro del sistema de calidad (ISO 8402). Sistema de calidad. Estructura de organización, procedimientos, procesos y recursos necesarios para realizar la gestión de calidad (ISO 8402). To help arrive at the general table shown earlier, one has to go through intermediate table, an example of which is shown here. In this case, the sum of staff costs will be reported in the appropriate line and column of the general table (under recurrent costs).

Quality is never an accident, is always the result of an intelligent effort. John Ruskin

GRACIAS