Políticas de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo

Presentación del tema: "Políticas de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Políticas de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo
. . Políticas de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo desde la perspectiva de la OPS Dr.Rubén Torres Representante de OPS/OMS en Chile

2 Día Mundial de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo
I would like to welcome you all to the World Day for Safety and Health at Work. April 28 is a day to recognize and appreciate workers worldwide. This event is an international event to promote international campaign to promote safety, and healthy. This event also give us the opportunity to reflect on the role, and impact of our working conditions, working environment, and work over our llife. This year, we dedicating the theme to Healthy Workplaces. In 2009, our focus was on protecting the health and safety of healthy workers. Working in the health sector has been recognized to be one of the most hazardous job among with agriculture and construction. Finally, in 2008, we dedicated the year to the prevention of occupational cancers.

3 Lugares de Trabajo Saludables:
Un modelo para actuar Proceso continuo de mejoramiento de la protección y promoción de la salud, seguridad y bienestar de los trabajadores Sostenibilidad Trabajadores y empleadores. Visión comprehensiva que considera el ambiente físico y psicosocial. This week is also special as we are launching the PAHO/WHO Healthy Workplace framework. This Framework speaks to employers, workers, and public health specialists as it was developed in collaboration with partners across the public and private sectors from labor, health, and other areas. A healthy workplace is one in which workers and managers collaborate using a continuous improvement process to protect and promote the health, safety, and well-being of all workers and the sustainability of the workplace. It promotes a comprehensive and systematic approach to healthy workplaces considering the physical and psychosocial work environment, personal health resources in the workplace, and ways of participating in the community to improve the health of workers, their families, and other community members. This definition reflects how our understanding of occupational health has evolved from an almost exclusive focus on the physical work environment to the inclusion of psychosocial and personal health factors. Given that we spend two-thirds of our life span at work, the workplace is increasingly being used as a setting for health promotion and prevention initiatives.

4 “TODOS LOS EMPLEADOS TIENEN EL DERECHO A TRABAJAR EN UN AMBIENTE LIBRE DE HUMO DE TABACO AJENO” (*)
94% (*) Le voy a leer un par de frases y le pediría que me dijera si está de acuerdo o en desacuerdo con las mismas: “Todos los empleados tienen el derecho a trabajar en un ambiente libre de humo de tabaco ajeno”

5 Un marco de acción holístico
1. Acción en cuatro áreas: Trabajo físico Ambiente psicosocial Salud Personal Involucramiento en la comunidad 2. Un modelo de mejoramiento continuo The PAHO/WHO healthy framework promote a comprehensive approach to healthy workplaces. When referring to healthy workplaces, we need to recognize the physical, psycho-social environment, personnel health resources, and community involvement. 5 5

6 Carga Global de Enfermedad por Lesiones y Enfermedades Ocupacionales
25% de la carga global de enfermedades y mortalidad es por factores de riesgos ambientales y ocupacionales. 1 2 millones de muertes al año son atribuidas a enfermedades y lesiones ocupacionales2 90,000 mueren anualmente de enfermedades relacionadas a asbestos3 Carga global de enfermedades: factores de riesgo ocupacionales 2% Leucemia 9% Pulmon;traquea y bronquios (silica, asbesto y Químicos) This type of framework is especially needed considering the occupational burden of diseases and injuries. Workers' health is a topic that bring us all together, collaboration is critical and much needed considering that globally, it is estimated that 2 million death per year are attributable to occupational diseases and injuries. WHO estimated that 25% of the global burden of disease is due to occupational and environmental risk factors. Occupational exposures account for about 37% of all back pain, 16% of hearing loss and 13% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Exposure to asbestos, silica, and hazardous chemicals at the workplace is responsible for 9% of all cancers of the lung, trachea, and bronchus, and 2% of all cases of leukemia in the world. For example, studies have revealed that workers heavily exposed to second hand tobacco smoke at their workplaces have twice the risk of developing lung cancer than those working in a smoke-free environment1 Also, Asbestos is responsible for 50% of all deaths from occupational cancer. This situation not only affects the lives of millions of workers but also affects the well being of their families as well as their communities. Health at work and healthy work environments are among the most valuable assets of individuals, communities and country. This list is not exhaustive, as you can imagine, as this information is based on the available data that we have globally. Many other occupational diseases are not recorded, they are basically silent. 1. Pruss-Ustun & Corvalan 2006; 2. ILO/WHO 2005; 3. WHO 2006 6

7 Salud de los trabajadores en Latinoamérica y el Caribe Inequidades
27,000 – 68,000 muertes relacionadas al trabajo/ año1 Solo el % de los trabajadores tienen acceso a servicios básicos de salud ocupacional3 millones de trabajadores sufren de enfermedades y lesiones ocupacionales1 La mortalidad es mayor entre los trabajadores temporales comparada a los trabajadores permanentes. 4 % de la población empleada no tienen recursos económicos suficientes para alcanzar el mínimo para una vida saludable1 Workers are the backbone of social and economic development of their communities and countries. This is especially evident in the region of the Americas where workers represent almost 50% of the population. In addition, the Latin American and Caribbean workforce is one of the fastest growing in the world, reaching 270 million workers this year. Economic growth must occur in parallel with the development of healthier and safer workplaces. This must be a priority for our region as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has one of the highest work-related fatality rates in the world. The International Labor Organization/WHO estimates that 36 occupational accidents occur every minute in LAC (PAHO 2001). Furthermore, 20 to 80 million workers in the region suffer injuries or diseases caused by exposure to occupational hazards each year. Los trabajadores hispanos en EE.UU.. tienen un riesgo 25% mayor de morir que los trabajadores no hispanos2 1. PAHO Health in the Americas 2007; 2. NIOSH World Health Chartbook 2004; 3. Rosenstock et al. 2005; 4. WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health 2008 7

8 Solo 5 - 10% de todas las enfermedades ocupacionales son reportadas
5% de la investigación ocupacional tiene lugar en los países en desarrollo, que poseen 90% de la carga global de enfermedades. We know that those numbers are only the tip of the iceberg as only 5-10% of all occupational diseases are reported. Millions of workers are suffering from occupational injuries and diseases silently. The lack of information is a major problem as “no data, no problem, no action”. We need to develop a strong research agenda throughout the region as only 5% of all occupational research is conducted in developing countries where lay 90% of the global burden of diseases. Rosenstock et al. 2005 8 8

9 Plan de acción global para la salud de los trabajadores de la OMS (2008-2017)
Proveer y comunicar evidencia para acción preventiva Diseñar instrumentos de política nacional para salud de los trabajadores Proteger y promover la salud en el trabajo Mejorar el desempeño y el acceso a servicios de salud ocupacional Incorporar la salud de los trabajadores a otras políticas PAHO is committed in improving the health of workers across the region. Promoting occupational and environmental health, intensifying primary prevention, and influencing public policies in all sectors to address the root of causes of environmental and occupational health threats is one of our core objective. Our commitment to workers’ health was also reiterated by all member countries by the adoption of the PAHO/WHO Global Plan of Action on Workers’ Health in 2007. The plan was developed was on the following assumptions 1.Health health of workers is determined not only by occupational hazards, but also by social and individual factors, and access to health services (Social determinants of Health); 2. Interventions exist for primary prevention of occupational hazards and for developing healthy workplaces; 3. Major gaps between and within countries in the exposure of workers and local communities to occupational hazards and in their access to occupational health services; 4. Health of workers is an essential prerequisite for productivity and economic development, 9

10 Alianzas Estratégicas Intersectoriales
Organizaciones Gubernamentales Organizaciones Internacionales Colaboración Inter-ministerial de la OEA OIT, Organizaciones de Trabajadores y empleados NAFTA, SICA, CARICOM, MERCOSUR, CAN Cochrane Collaboration Salud de los trabajadores ONG’s Centros Colaborativos The WHO Global Plan of Actions promote a intersectoral strategic alliances as many actors need to be engage. Today, we are glad to see that this diversity in actors is represented, as we have leaders from the government, businesses, academia, and civil society. Comisión Internacional en Salud Ocupacional (CISO) 14 Centro Colaborativos 2 nuevos desde 2007 Organizaciones Profesionales

11 Iniciativas y actividades regionales en salud de los trabajadores
Marco sobre ambientes de trabajo saludables Iniciativa en America para eliminar la Silicosis Eliminación de enfermedades relacionadas a asbestos Salud y Seguridad ocupacional en el sector salud Now, I would like to share with you some our regional initiative in the area of occupational health.Due to the time restrain, I would like to focus on some specific activities. As mentioned earlier, PAHO is interested in collaborating with governmental, non governmental organizations, civil society and others for the implementation of the healthy workplace framework. I would also like to share with you some information about the regional initiative on the elimination of silicosis, elimination of asbestos-related diseases, and occupational health and safety in the healthcare sector.

12 Millones de trabajadores en las Américas son expuestos a sílice en el trabajo
Por lo menos 1.7 millones de trabajadores expuestos en Estados Unidos El gobierno colombiano estima de 1.8 millones de trabajadores están en riesgo de desarrollar silicosis En Brasil, alrededor de 2 millones de trabajadores en el sector formal son expuestos al sílice por hasta 30% de sus horas de trabajo En Chile, alrededor de 5.4% de la fuerza laboral formal e informal tiene alta probabilidad de exposición al sílice. The data across the region revealed that an alarming percentage of the workers are exposed to silica. For example, in Brazil, about 2 million workers in the formal sector are exposed to silica for as long as 30% of their working group. This working population has an considerable risk to developed silicosis. This is situation can’t be tolerated or accepted as business is usual as this disease can’t be prevented. Sources: WHO 2000 Fact Sheet; CDC E-Brief 2007; Bernales B et al Ciencia y Trabajo 27: ; Algranti E GOHNET 2007, 12:15-17.

13 Iniciativa en las Américas para eliminar la Silicosis
Meta: eliminación global de la silicosis en 2030 Socios: OMS, OPS, OIT, NIOSH, Chile, Brasil, Perú Componentes: Implementación de métodos de control Técnicas analíticas de laboratorio Entrenamiento de protección respiratoria Entrenamiento en espirometría y lectura radiológica usando la técnica de la OIT. PAHO is partnering with Ministry of Health and Labor, ILO, NIOSH and other collaborating centers for the regional initiative on the elimination of silicosis. The components of the Americas Initiative to eliminate silicosis include 5 core components.

14 Eliminación de enfermedades relacionadas al asbestos
Estrategias: Detener el uso de todo tipo de asbestos Proveer información acerca de sustitutos mas seguros, incluyendo mecanismos económicos y tecnológicos para estimular su reemplazo Prevenir la exposición en el lugar y durante su remoción Mejorar diagnósticos tempranos, tratamiento, rehabilitación media y social y establecer registros. Asbestos is responsible for 50% of all deaths from occupational cancer. PAHO is committed on the elimination of asbestos-related diseases. In order to achieve this objective, we need to focus on discontinuing to use asbestos; 2) provide information to ministries about safer substitute; 3) prevent exposure in the place and during removal; 4) improve early diagnosis, treatment, social and medical rehabilitation and establish registries. PAHO is currently working on an asbestos atlas. This atlas is collecting information about the situation of asbestos in the region. For example, countries which have banned asbestos are presenting the components which has led to this success.

15 Trabajadores de la Salud
As you all know this week, we are celebrating the World Day for Safety and Health at Work as well as the eight year of the immunization week of the Americas. One of the priority group as part of the immunization week of the Americas is healthcare workers. The slogan “Immunization begins with healthcare workers: get vaccinated” called upon healthcare workers to take a leadership role in promoting immunization, and ensuring that they also get vaccinated. The H1N1 pandemic showed that healthcare workers are at high risk of occupational transmission of infectious diseases. We need to take several measures, including immunization, in order to ensure that healthcare workers remain healthy.

16 Promoting health and safety of healthcare workers is especially needed as in Latin America and the Caribbean, the proportion of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections among health care workers due to injuries with sharp objects in the workplace are the highest in the world at 55 per cent, 83 per cent and 11 per cent, respectively. At the same time, the coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean is one of the lowest in the world. Many countries are taking initiative to vaccinate their health workforce against hepatitis B and other vaccine-preventable diseases that especially affect health care workers, and we applaud them on their excellent efforts. In order to increase immunization of healthcare workers, there are simple and effective strategies that can put in place such as Demonstrating managerial support for health and safety programs for the staff Offering immunization directly in the workplace Addressing common healthcare workers' misconceptions about the vaccine (e.g: vaccine safety and effectivness) Provide education to healthcare workers about their risk of occupational transmission of infectious diseases.

17 Recursos tecnicos de OPS/OMS
Video en Salud Ocupacional y Control de Infección Salud y Seguridad de los Trabajadores en el Sector Salud: Manual para Administradores y Supervisores Curso en línea para trabajadores de la salud Geolibrary Prevenir lesiones por piquetes Herramienta PAHO/WHO and its Collaborating Centers, including NIOSH, have produced a wealth of valuable and practical technical resources that are directly used in health care settings. I welcome you to pick up copies of these materials on the display table outside.

18

19 Sistema previsional de salud según tramos de ingreso Región metropolitana-S.de Chile
Fuente:ENETS

20 Trabajadores asalariados sin acceso a información de riesgos (de enfermarse o accidentarse) en su trabajo según nivel de ingresos Fuente:ENETS

21 Acceso al seguro contra accidentes del trabajo y enfermedades profesionales según sexo R. metropolitana, S. de Chile Fuente:ENETS

22 Contexto socio económico y político
Los DETERMINANTES SOCIALES de la SALUD Condiciones sociales en que las personas viven y trabajan y que influyen en su salud y equidad “La importancia del trabajo para la salud no se deriva sólo de que éste pone al hombre en contacto con agentes externos biológicos, químicos y físicos, sino que el trabajo determina un modo de vivir en sociedad…” A.C.Laurell Contexto socio económico y político EDUCACION ACCESO A ATENCION SANITARIA CALIDAD DE LA VIVIENDA CONDICIONES DE EMPLEO

23 Salud autopercibida como mala o regular según períodos de desempleo (de al menos un mes) y años de vida laboral Fuente:ENETS

24 Contexto socio económico y político
Los DETERMINANTES SOCIALES de la SALUD Condiciones sociales en que las personas viven y trabajan y que influyen en su salud y equidad “La importancia del trabajo para la salud no se deriva sólo de que éste pone al hombre en contacto con agentes externos biológicos, químicos y físicos, sino que el trabajo determina un modo de vivir en sociedad…” A.C.Laurell Contexto socio económico y político EDUCACION ACCESO A ATENCION SANITARIA CALIDAD DE LA VIVIENDA CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO CONDICIONES DE EMPLEO

25 Salud autopercibida como mala o regular según sexo y vulnerabilidad
Fuente:ENETS

26 Contexto socio económico y político
Los DETERMINANTES SOCIALES de la SALUD Condiciones sociales en que las personas viven y trabajan y que influyen en su salud y equidad “La importancia del trabajo para la salud no se deriva sólo de que éste pone al hombre en contacto con agentes externos biológicos, químicos y físicos, sino que el trabajo determina un modo de vivir en sociedad…” A.C.Laurell Contexto socio económico y político EDUCACION RED SOCIAL Y ENTORNO FAMILIAR ACCESO A ATENCION SANITARIA CONDICIONES DE EMPLEO CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO CALIDAD DE LA VIVIENDA

27 Piensa en las tareas domésticas y familiares mientras está en el trabajo?
Fuente:ENETS

28 Piensa en las tareas domésticas y familiares mientras está en el trabajo?
Fuente:ENETS

29 Contexto socio económico y político
Los DETERMINANTES SOCIALES de la SALUD Condiciones sociales en que las personas viven y trabajan y que influyen en su salud y equidad “La importancia del trabajo para la salud no se deriva sólo de que éste pone al hombre en contacto con agentes externos biológicos, químicos y físicos, sino que el trabajo determina un modo de vivir en sociedad…” A.C.Laurell Contexto socio económico y político EDUCACION CONDICIONES DE VIDA Y AMBIENTALES CONDUCTAS Y HABITOS SALUDABLES RED SOCIAL Y ENTORNO FAMILIAR CALIDAD DE VIDA Y SALUD ACCESO A ATENCION SANITARIA CONDICIONES DE EMPLEO CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO SISTEMA DE SALUD (GENERAL Y OCUPACIONAL) CALIDAD DE LA VIVIENDA

30 PREVENCION

31 Por que invertir en trabajos saludables?
Es lo correcto: Ética de negocios Es lo inteligente: El caso de negocios Productividad La Salud de los trabajadores contribuye a un aumento del 5 al 10% en productividad en general Los programas de promoción de salud en el trabajo mostraron en promedio una reducción de 27% en ausentismo por enfermedad Regreso de la inversión Los ahorros en promedio fueron de $3.00 por cada dólar invertido Reducción en costos de programas de salud Los programas de promoción de la salud en el trabajo mostraron una reducción en promedio de 26% en costos de programas de salud Retener y atraer Los ambientes de trabajo saludables contribuyen a la atracción y retención de una fuerza laboral competitiva. Las estadísticas muestran que las empresas mas seguras son también las mas competitivas In conclusion, I would like to highlight why Investing in workplaces not only makes sense from an ethical and social perspective; it is an economic essential. Studies clearly demonstrate significant profits gained from investment in occupational health and safety programs. For every dollar invested in such programs, the average return ranges from $3.00 to $5.81. Worksite health promotion programs reduce health care costs by an average 26% and increase productivity by 5 to 10%.[i] [ii] On the other hand, ignoring health and safety in the workplace has a detrimental impact on the lives of workers, families, and communities. It also comes at considerable economic loss, as the costs of work-related health and associated lost productivity represent around 4 to 5% of national GDP. Thus, improving health and safety in the workplace is profitable to workers, employers, and economic development of our region.

32 Gracias PAHO is reaching out to member countries to work on the prevention of work-related injuries, diseases, and illnesses. We must work towards developing a culture of prevention, where occupational hazards are perceived as controllable and preventable. In order to reach this objective, we must work together in synergy. Remember that together, changes are possible.