La creatividad humana: una indagación metafísica Human Creativity: A Metaphysical Inquiry Alfredo Marcos Universidad de Valladolid / University of Valladolid.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

La creatividad humana: una indagación metafísica Human Creativity: A Metaphysical Inquiry Alfredo Marcos Universidad de Valladolid / University of Valladolid (Spain)

Posibles agentes creativos / Possible creative agents  Dios / God Creación libre / Free creativity Ex nihilo  Naturaleza / Nature No libre / Not free A partir de algo / From something  Ser humano / Human being (No absolutamente) Libre / (Not absolutely) free A partir de algo / From something  ¿Otros? / May be others?

La creatividad humana / Human creativity  A partir de algo / From something ¿Átomos? / Atomic particles? ¿Substancias? / Substances? ¿Otros? / Other entities?  Productos propios / Characteristic products Artefactos / Artifacts Funcionalidad / Functionality Diferencia / Difference Ideas, conceptos / Ideas, concepts Intencionalidad / Intentionality Semejanza / Similarity ¿Otros? / Other products? (actions, performances, emotions…)  Creación (parcialmente) libre / (Partially) free creativity Un cierto concepto de tiempo / A certain time concept ¿ ? ¿Otras condiciones necesarias? / Other necessary conditions?  ¿Otros rasgos de la C.H.? / Other traits of H.C.?

Sustancias / Substances  Ontología pluralista de las sustancias / A pluralistic ontology of substances Sustancia no es lo que subyace, sino lo que es en-sí / Substance not as something that underlies, but as something that exists in itself Una pluralidad de sustancias y relaciones / A plurality of substances and relationships between them Paradigmáticamente: cada planta, animal y persona / Paradigmatically a plant, an animal, a person En sentido secundario, analógico o accidental: elementos, planetas, ecosistemas, conceptos, artefactos… / In a secondary, analogical or accidental sense: elements, planets, ecosystems, concepts, artifacts… Sustancia como acto y como potencia, como espacio de posibilidad física / Substance as act and potency, as a physic space of possibilities which can be actualized Creación como actualización / Creation as actualization

Diferencias / Differences  Diferencia comparativa, diferencia constitutiva /Two meanings of ‘difference’: comparative and constitutive  La ontogénesis, un proceso de diferenciación / Ontogenesis as a process of differentiation  ¿La creación de artefactos como un proceso de diferenciación? / Human creation of artifacts as a process of differentiation? Entidades antecedentes: espacios de posibilidad / Spaces of possibilities as the starting point for human creativity Productos: artefactos / Products: artifacts Condición (no absolutamente) libre de la creatividad humana, pues parte de posibilidades cuya actualización no es necesaria / Human creativity is (not absolutely) free, as it starts from possibilities whose actualization is not necessary Conexión funcional de nuestros productos con el mundo, pues parten de las posibilidades que ofrece el mundo / Functional connection artifact- world, as the artifact actualizes real objective possibilities La creatividad humana se apoya en la productividad natural / Human creativity starts from natural exuberance La creatividad humana potencia la abundancia de lo real, genera nuevos espacios de posibilidad / Human creativity enriches the abundance of the reality by generating new spaces of possibilities

La semejanza y la conquista de la abundancia / Similarity and the Conquest of Abundance  La semejanza como relación triádica, no diádica / The similarity as a triadic relationship, not dyadic  La conquista de la abundancia mediante el logos / The Conquest of Abundance (P. Feyerabend) by means of the logos ¿Creación de conceptos por semejanza? / Concept creation as a process driven by similarity? Logos, legein: to link / ligar, unir Legein: descubrimiento de la semejanza en lo diferente y agrupación bajo un concepto / Discovering similarity between different things for linking them into a concept Un descubrimiento creativo: la semejanza está como posibilidad en las cosas, ha de ser actualizada por un sujeto activo / A creative discovery indeed: similarity dwells in things as a possibility that a creative subject may or not actualize La conquista de la abundancia añade abundancia a lo real, todo un mundo de conceptos / By attempting the conquest of abundance we add abundance to the real, we add a world of concepts or ideas

Un tiempo para la creatividad / A time for creativity  Un tiempo sin creatividad: El tiempo representado por una línea recta. El presente está definido por mi posición. El pasado está a mi espalda. El futuro está delante, a la vista / A time with no creativity: The time represented by a straight line. The present is defined by my position. The past is behind me. The future is ahead, in sight  Un tiempo para la creatividad: El tiempo representado por círculos concéntricos. El presente es el mayor de ellos. El pasado está en su interior como huella o memoria, a la vista. El futuro no está a la vista, no existe más que como posibilidad, ha de ser hecho por un agente creativo /A time for creativity: The time represented by concentric circles. The present is the greatest. The past is inside, in sight, as a trace or memory. The future is not in sight, it exists only as a possibility, it must be made by a creative agent 

Conclusión / Conclusion  i) El ser humano crea libremente, pero siempre a partir de entidades antecedentes / Human being creates freely but always from precedent entities  ii) Los productos de su creatividad son muy variados, incluyen típicamente ideas y artefactos / He products typically ideas and artifacts  iii) Estos productos conectan de alguna manera, ya sea intencional o funcional, con la realidad / They connect with reality intentionally or functionally  iv) La creatividad humana resulta refractaria a una metafísica atomista, mecanicista o determinista / Human creativity is incompatible with an atomistic ontology, it would become just recombination  v) Alternativa sustancialista / An ontology friendly with human creativity: the world is populated by a plurality of substances

Conclusión / Conclusion  v) Alternativa sustancialista / An ontology friendly with human creativity: the world is populated by a plurality of substances El mundo está compuesto por una pluralidad de sustancias, cuyo paradigma es el ser vivo / Plurality of substances; the living being as a paradigm of substance Las sustancias presentan aspectos potenciales y actuales / Each substance has actual and potential aspects La creatividad será capacidad de actualización / Creativity as actualization Su producto inmediato en el plano físico será la diferencia, a partir de la cual creamos, por ejemplo, artefactos / Actualizing differences we product artifacts Y en el plano lógico la semejanza, a partir de la cual generamos, por ejemplo, conceptos / Actualizing similarities we product concepts La creatividad humana sugiere una cierta imagen del tiempo y excluye otras / Human creativity demands a certain notion of time and excludes others