A verb is reflexive in Spanish when the subject receives the action of the verb. In English this is implied by the endings - self and -selves. In.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

A verb is reflexive in Spanish when the subject receives the action of the verb. In English this is implied by the endings - self and -selves. In Spanish the reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, os, se. Ella se levanta. She gets (herself) up. Nosotros nos paramos. We stand (ourselves) up. Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

Many reflexive verbs in Spanish describe daily routine actions. Some verbs of this type include despertarse (to wake up), ducharse (to take a shower), peinarse (to comb oneself), vestirse (to get dressed), and acostarse (to go to bed). Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

Other reflexive verbs describe a physical or emotional state. Verbs of this type include divertirse (to enjoy oneself) and sentirse (to feel an emotion). Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

Some reflexive verbs describe a change of state and they carry the added meaning of “to get” or “to become.” Me enojé. I became angry (got mad). Se puso muy nervioso. He became very nervous. ¿Te aburriste? Did you get bored? Se cansan. They get (become) tired. Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

Some verbs have a different meaning when used reflexively. ir to go irse to leave dormir to sleep dormirse to fall asleep parecer to seem parecerse a to look like quedar to be located quedarse to stay quitar to take away quitarse to take off volver to return volverse to become perder to lose perderse to get lost Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

Other verbs such as darse cuenta de (to realize), quejarse (to complain), and ducharse (to behave) are always reflexive. Placement of reflexive pronouns with commands and the present participle follow the same rules that apply to placement of direct and indirect object pronouns. Otros usos de los verbos reflexivos

To tell what people do to or for one another use the reciprocal pronouns nos and se before the first and third person plural of certain verbs. Mis hermanos y yo no nos peleamos nunca. Alonso y Fernanda se llaman todos los días, pero se ven muy poco. Pronombres reflexivos en acciones recíprocas

In the case of a verbal phrase with an infinitive or a present participle, you may place the reciprocal pronoun either before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or participle. Remember to place an accent in the third to last syllable when you add the reciprocal pronoun to a present participle. Vamos a vernos mañana. Nos vamos a ver mañana Rodrigo y Luisa estaban abrazándose en el jardín. Rodrigo y Luisa se estaban abrazando en el jardín. Pronombres reflexivos en acciones recíprocas

Here are some examples of reflexive verbs that are used reciprocally: abrazarse comprenderse entenderse leerse pelearse ayudarse conocerse escribirse llamarse saludarse besarse contarse hablarse llevarse bien / mal verse Pronombres reflexivos en acciones recíprocas

¿Cuántas personas conoces en la escuela? ¿Cuántos amigos tienes? ¿Cómo te relacionas con ellos? Pueden ser muchas o pocas, pero no todas las personas que conoces son tus amigos. Los amigos son el mejor regalo que podemos recibir. ¡Ojalá que tengas muchos amigos!

As you already know, we use the subjunctive after verbs indicating suggestions, desire, or demands. The subjunctive is also used after verbs and impersonal phrases indicating emotion, such as ojalá que, temo que, tengo miedo de que, me alegro de que, me molesta que, me sorprende que, siento que, es triste que, and es bueno que, among others. A sentence in the subjunctive mode has two parts, the main clause and the subordinate clause. Both clauses are connected by the word que. El subjuntivo con verbos de emoción

Tememos que nuestros amigos desconfíen de nuestras palabras. When the sentence has only one subject, we usually use the infinitive instead of the subjunctive. Siento no pasar (yo) más tiempo con mis amigas. Siento que ellas no pasen más tiempo conmigo. El subjuntivo con verbos de emoción

Both por and para are prepositions. Their usages are quite different. Use por to indicate: length of time or distance Estuvieron discutiendo por una hora. place where an action takes place Ayer caminamos por el parque. Los usos de por y para

an exchange Cambiamos la silla vieja por una nueva. reason or motive Se pelearon por un programa de televisión. substitution or action on someone’s behalf Los padres hacen mucho por sus hijos. means of communication / transportation Ayer hablé con Analía por teléfono. Los usos de por y para

Also use por in certain expressions: por ejemplo por lo general por la mañana por primera (segunda, (tarde, noche) tercera) vez por favor por supuesto por eso Los usos de por y para

Use para to indicate: purpose (in order to) Salí temprano para ver a mis amigos. destination En unos minutos nos vamos para la playa. Los usos de por y para

a point in time, deadline Debemos terminar el trabajo para el lunes. use, purpose Las tijeras sirven para cortar. opinion Para mí, no hay nada mejor que viajar. Los usos de por y para

There are two ways to suggest that others do some activity with you (Let’s... ). You can use the construction Vamos a + infinitive. Vamos a hacer las paces. Let’s make up. Mandatos con nosotros

You can also use a command with a nosotros form. The nosotros command form is the same as the nosotros form of the present subjunctive. Resolvamos el conflicto. No reaccionemos tan rápido. Mandatos con nosotros

Remember that stem-changing verbs whose infinitive ends in -ir have a stem change of e  i, or o  u in the nosotros form. Pidamos perdón por el malentendido. No durmamos al aire libre. Mandatos con nosotros

Verbs whose infinitive ends in -car, -gar, or -zar have a spelling change in the nosotros form of the present subjunctive, and consequently of the nosotros command. No critiquemos a nuestros padres. Empecemos a pensar un poco en ellos. Mandatos con nosotros

Direct and indirect object pronouns are attached at the end of affirmative nosotros commands, but precede the negative nosotros command form. Celebremos la amistad. Celebrémosla. Digámosle todo. No le mintamos. Mandatos con nosotros

When attaching reflexive or reciprocal pronouns at the end of a nosotros command, drop the final -s of the command before the pronoun. ¡Alegrémonos con sus éxitos! Atrevámonos a darles nuestras opiniones. Mandatos con nosotros

To form the possessive pronouns, use the long form of possessive adjectives preceded by the definite article. Both the article and the possessive must agree in number and gender with the noun they replace. Mis padres son muy serios. ¿Y los tuyos? Los míos son bastante divertidos. Tu familia es muy pequeña. La mía es bastante grande. Pronombres posesivos

We often omit the article between the verb ser and the possessive pronoun. Esas maletas son nuestras. Mi hermano siempre dice que toda la culpa es mía. Pronombres posesivos

amable cariñoso, -a celoso, -a chismoso, -a comprensivo, -a considerado, -a egoísta entrometido, -a honesto, -a íntimo, -a sincero, -a vanidoso, -a cualidades kind loving, affectionate jealous gossipy understanding considerate selfish meddlesome, interfering honest intimate sincere vain, conceited

la amistad la armonía el comportamiento la confianza el conflicto la cualidad la explicación el malentendido la pelea el secreto sustantivos friendship harmony behaviour trust conflict quality explanation misunderstanding fight secret

acusar alegrarse apoyar(se) atreverse colaborar confiar (i  í) contar con criticar desconfiar esperar verbos to accuse to be delighted to support, to back (each other) to dare to collaborate to trust to count on to criticize to mistrust to hope (for)

estar equivocado, -a guardar (un secreto) ignorar mejorar pedir perdón perdonar ponerse de acuerdo reaccionar reconciliarse reconocer (c  zc) resolver (o  ue) sorprender(se) temer verbos to be mistaken to keep (a secret) to ignore to improve to ask for forgiveness to forgive to reach an agreement to react to become friends again to admit, recognize to resolve to (be) surprised to fear

aceptar tal como (soy) cambiar de opinión la diferencia de opinión hacer caso hacer las paces juntos, -as expresiones to accept (me) the way (I am) to change one’s mind difference of opinion to pay attention / to obey to make peace (with) together

ojalá pensar en sí mismo(a) ¡Qué va! tener en común tener celos tener la culpa ¡Yo no fui! expresiones I wish, I hope to think of oneself No way! to have in common to be jealous to be guilty It was not me!

Use the subjunctive following verbs indicating suggestions, desire or demands. Te sugiero que vengas. Esperamos que llueva. Nos exigió que estudiemos. ¡Ojalá que se diviertan! El subjuntivo con verbos de emoción

Use the subjunctive after verbs and impersonal phrases indicating emotion. Tememos que nuestros amigos desconfíen de nosotros. Es una lástima que no hagan las paces. El subjuntivo con verbos de emoción

When the sentence has only one subject, we usually use the infinitive instead of the subjunctive. Espero ir mañana al cine. Espero ver esa película. El subjuntivo con verbos de emoción

Use por to indicate: length of time or distance, where an action takes place, an exchange, a reason or motive, an action on behalf of someone, a means of communication or transportation. Bailamos por varias horas. Busqué por todos los pasillos. Te cambio el café por un dulce. Me puse muy feliz por tu llegada. Fue a una marcha por la paz. Mandó la carta por avión. Los usos de por y para

Use por in certain expressions: por ejemplo por eso (tanto) por la (mañana, tarde, noche) por favor por lo general por primera (segunda, tercera, última) vez por supuesto Los usos de por y para

Use para to indicate: purpose, destination, a point in time, use, opinion. Estudio para tener un buen futuro. Salimos para la ciudad dentro de una hora. Para las ocho ya estaban allí. Ponte la chaqueta para no tener frío. Para ustedes todo es divertido. Los usos de por y para

Regular verbs olvidar olvidemos pensar pensemos reconocer reconozcamos Mandatos con nosotros

Stem-changing verbs whose infinitive ends in –ir pedir pidamos dormir durmamos Mandatos con nosotros

Verbs ending in –car, –gar, and –zar criticar critiquemos pagar paguemos empezar empecemos Mandatos con nosotros

Direct and indirect pronouns are attached at the end of affirmative nosotros commands but precede the negative nosotros command form. Digámosle toda la verdad. No les mintamos. Mandatos con nosotros

To attach reflexive or reciprocal pronouns at the end of a nosotros command, drop the final –s of the command before the pronoun. Alegrémonos con nuestro éxito. Abracémonos uno al otro. Mandatos con nosotros

To form the possesive pronouns, use the long form possessive adjectives preceded by the definite article. Mis padres son muy serios. ¿Y los suyos? Su vestido es grande. El nuestro es pequeño. We often omit the article between the verb ser and the possessive pronoun. Esas maletas son nuestras, pero la mochila es suya. Pronombres posesivos