1 Applied biostatistics Francisco Javier Barón López Dpto. Medicina Preventiva Universidad de Málaga, España

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Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Applied biostatistics Francisco Javier Barón López Dpto. Medicina Preventiva Universidad de Málaga, España

2 Data, variables and file

3 Categorical variables: Frequency

4

5 Numeric variables

6 ¿mean and standard deviation are enough?

7 Interpreting mean and standard deviation Centering at the mean, in 1 std.dev radius there are lose to 68% of observations. In a 2 std. Dev. Radius there are close to 95%.

8 If the distributions are close to normal, the interpretation is similar.

9 Tukey diagrams If 2 numbers are not enough… let’s try 5!  Quartiles, minimum, maximum The central box contains 50% of central data.

10 ¿mean or median? Altura mediana

11 When there are strong asymmetry, probably is better to use the median Dpending on the asimmetry statistics we have negative or positive asimmetry.  When data is symmetric  asimmetry=0.

12 ¿Aplanada o apuntada? La curtosis nos indica el grado de apuntamiento (aplastamiento) de una distribución con respecto a la distribución normal.

13 El IMC, como medida de la relación entre peso y talla, muestra una población con media ajustada a la sobrecarga ponderal (IMC= ) con una clara desproporción hacia la obesidad Poca información… ¿Falta algo?

14 Se resume todo en una tabla

15 Si algo no está en la tabla resumen, hay que describirlo por completo La media de edad a la Menopausia fue de años para el conjunto de mujeres menopaúsicas. El rango de edades fue de 41 años, con mínimo y máximo en 24 y 65 años, respectivamente. El histograma presentó un elevado índice de curtosis con desproporción hacia los valores inferiores consecuencia, de los efectos de intervenciones quirúrgicas sobre el aparato reproductor femenino. Sólo menopáusicas. No están en la tabla resumen

16

17 Studying two variables at same time Numeric - Numeric Numeric - Categorical Categorical – Categorical

18 Numeric- Numric Individuals with higher punctuation in one test, have a tendency to have higher punctuation in the other. The relationship is not perfect, so there are more factors involved when trying to use one variable to explain the other.

19 Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, ‘r’

20 Numerical - Categorical Generally lower values in men than women Greater dispersion in women

21 Categorical - Categorical