Reported Speech (Versión en Español) Direct and Indirect Speech Reported Speech (Versión en Español)

¿Qué es el Estilo Indirecto? Consiste en informar de algo que se habla o se ha hablado Por ejemplo: Juan dice: “Hablo Inglés” (Estilo Directo) Juan dice que habla inglés (Estilo Indirecto) He says: “I speak English” He says (that) he speaks English Si el primer verbo está en presente, como en este caso “says”, no hay muchos cambios: That: “que”, está entre paréntesis porque se puede omitir El pronombre personal “I” se cambiaría por la persona de la que se está hablando, en este ejemplo, se cambiaría por “he” El verbo se coordinaría con el sujeto “speak” “speaks”

He said: “I spoke to my grandmother yesterday” Si el primer verbo está en pasado es cuando hay que aplicar los mayores cambios: He said: “I spoke to my grandmother yesterday” He said (that) he had spoken to his grandmother the day before Como se puede observar, en este caso tendremos que hacer más cambios: Personal Pronoun El pronombre personal de la segunda frase :“I” por “he” Verb El verbo “spoke” (Simple Past) pasaría a “had spoken” (Past Perfect) Time expression La expresión de tiempo “yesterday” (ayer), pasaría a ser “the day before” (el día anterior)

Verbal Changes (Cambios verbales) Direct speech  Indirect speech   Simple present  Simple past Simple Past  Past perfect “I never eat meat” he explained “I took it home with me” he said = he explained that he never ate meat. = He said he had taken it home with him Present continuous Past continuous Future  Conditional “I’m waiting for Ann” he said He said “Ann will be in Paris on Monday” = He said that he was waiting for Ann. = He said that Ann would be in Paris on Monday Present perfect  Past perfect “I have found a flat” he said Future continuous  Conditional continuous = He said that he had found a flat. “I’ll be using the car myself on the 24th” he said Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous = He said he’d be using the car himself on the 24th He said “I’ve been waiting for ages” = He said that he had been waiting for ages

BE ABLE TO More verbal changes (más cambios verbales) MUST HAVE TO “I must leave just now” She said she had to leave at that moment CAN/COULD BE ABLE TO “ I couldn’t swim yesterday” She said she hadn’t been able to swim the previous day

More Changes Adverbs and adverbial phrases of time (Expresiones de tiempo) Direct Speech Indirect Speech Today that day Yesterday the day before The day before yesterday two days before Tomorrow the next day/ the following day The day after tomorrow in two days’ time Next week/ year etc. the following week/ year etc. Last week/ year etc. the previous week/year etc. A year …etc. ago a year before/ the previous yearº

DIFFERENT TYPE OF SENTENCES (Diferentes tipos de oraciones en las que se estudia el Estilo Indirecto) Statements Affirmative or negative sentences Questions (Interrogativas) “Yes or No” questions (Aquellas interrogativas que comienzan con un auxiliar donde la respuesta siempre será Sí o No) WH questions (Aquellas interrogativas que comienzan con un pronombre interrogativo: What, Where, When, How, etc, donde en la respuesta se dará cierta información) Commands (Ordenes) Suggestions (Sugerencias)

STATEMENTS Verbs used: SAY TELL + pronoun / noun “ I lived in New York”, she said She said (that) she lived in New York “I don’t like wine”, she told him She told him (that) she didn’t like wine

ACTIVITIES Put these sentences into indirect Speech “I’ve no idea what the time is, but you can dial 123 and find out” she said “I must go. I have to catch the four o’clock train” Peter said “I think it’s going to rain” my brother said “I haven’t had time to type the letter” the secretary said to her boss “I can’t remember his address” he said. “We didn’t get home until midnight” they told us “I’m hungry” she said angrily “I will go the country if the weather gets better” my brother said. “I must leave. The train is leaving” Peter said.

Yesterday, I met my friend Charlie and this is what he told me Yesterday, I met my friend Charlie and this is what he told me. Can you write what he said to me into the indirect speech? 1. I’m thinking of going to live in New York 8. I hardly ever go out these days 2. My father is in hospital 9. I work 14 hours a day 3. July and Mark are getting married next month 10. I’ll tell Jim I saw you 4. I haven’t seen Sue for a month 11. You can come and stay with me if you are ever in London 5. I’ve been playing tennis a lot recently 12. Tom had an accident last week but he wasn’t injured 6. María has had a baby 13. I saw Jack at a party a few months ago and heseemed fine 7. I didn’t know what Fred is doing

He asked me where I lived She wanted to know when he was coming QUESTIONS Verbs used: ASK WANT TO KNOW INQUIRE WONDER… “Yes or No” questions : ASK + if ... “Do you live in London?” He asked me if I lived in London. “Are you coming with us?” She asked him if he was going with them. (Note the change ‘come to ‛go′) “WH” questions : ASK + interrogative pronoun “Where do you live?” he asked me He asked me where I lived “When is he coming?” She wanted to know She wanted to know when he was coming

ACTIVITIES Put these sentences into indirect Speech “What’s your new house like?” he asked them. “May I come in?” the student asked the teacher “What are you reading?” he asked “When will it be ready?” she asked to the dressmaker Tom said “ I insist on listening to this music. It’s much more better” “I’ m the best in the classroom, I can pass any exam” He said “ I can’t help her, I have a lot of work” She said

She told him not to be late COMMANDS Verbs used: TELL ORDER COMMAND… “Come in” he told them He told them to come in “Don’t be late” she told him She told him not to be late Nota: Cualquier orden pasará a ser infinitivo en Estilo Indirecto, afirmativo “TO…” o negativo “NOT TO…”

ACTIVITIES Put these sentences into indirect Speech “Follow that car”, the detective said to the taxi driver. “Don’t let him get away with it” my father said “Read the questions carefully” the teacher said to the pupils  “Don’t do that” the captain said to the soldiers “Eat more fruit and vegetables”, the doctor said “Shut the door but don’t lock it”, she said to us “Read the instructions carefully before you switch on the machine”, he said to me

SUGGESTIONS Direct Speech or He suggested that we cleaned the car “Let’s clean the car” He said “Shall we clean the car?” He said “Why don’t we clean the car?” He said Indirect Speech He suggested cleaning the car or He said we should clean the car or He suggested that we cleaned the car

ACTIVITIES Put these sentences into indirect Speech “Shall we go for a walk?” She said “Why don`t we go to the park this afternoon?” My friend said “Let’s revise the unit 4 for the next test” The teacher said

Pero no siempre tenemos que cambiar al Estilo Indirecto de forma tan literal Podemos usar otros verbos para introducir la oración indirecta: Por ejemplo: Directo: “¿Quieres un vaso de agua?” Me dijo ella Indirecto: Ella dijo que si quería un vaso de agua o Ella me ofreció un vaso de agua A continuación tenemos una lista de ciertos verbos que se podrían usar en este sentido:

List of verbs we can use as reporting verbs hope explain protest beg congratulate interrupt warn greet give introduce remark invite threaten point out insist offer refuse accept curse advise assure answer agree admit, etc... He said “Don’t walk on the ice, it isn’t safe” He warned me not to walk on the ice because it wasn’t safe Tom: “I insist on paying” Ann: “Oh no, you mustn’t” Tom wanted to pay and Ann refused; Tom insisted on paying Tom: “I’ll pay”

Put these sentences into indirect Speech changing the reporting verb He said “Don’t walk on the ice, it isn’t safe” Miss Brown, this is Miss White. Miss White, Miss Brown” he said “If I were you I’d pretend to be ill for a fortnight” I said Tom: “I’ll pay” Ann: “Oh no, you mustn’t” Tom: “I insist on paying” “Curse this map! It’s led me wrong again” he said “Could you come to dinner tomorrow night?” he said “Could you show me how to work it? I’m not used to electric typewriters” she said “Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!” he cried “Congratulations!” I said “Do you know that the shoes you are wearing aren’t a pair?” I said. “Yes, but I was in a hurry this morning and these were the only ones I could find” he said “What about going for a swim” he said. “It’s quite fine now” “Ugh! There is a slug in my lettuce. Waiter!” he cried “Naughty boy!” said his mother “you’ve been fighting again”. “But I didn’t start it, mother” said the boy protestingly. “He hit me first”

ACTIVITIES Advanced Put the following into the REPORTED SPEECH with the introducing verb in the PAST TENSE.   I’m sure we are lost. Run and ask that policeman the way Did you remember to take your medicine before dinner? If not, you’d better take it now Do you want to speak to Nora? I’m afraid she’s out at the moment Will you come here, Mrs Jones? I want you to take down a letter for me What a forgetful creature I am! I’ve forgotten to post your letter Have you got any shampoo? I must wash my hair I’ve just have these shoes made for me. Do you think they’re smart? I wonder who is coming on the excursion tomorrow. I do hope it won’t rain Do as I tell you or you will be punished. I’ll teach you who is master in this house! When you have cleaned the sitting-room, will you please light a fire there? It’s rather chilly today I’m glad I’m found you out, you dirty little thief! Listen! Can you hear someone coming? Please excuse me. I’m too tired to go out tonight Have you ever been to the Lake District? It’s most delightful walking country The lawn-mower is broken again. Go and ask if you can borrow Mr Jennings’s. Are there any ripe blackberries on that bush? If so, we can take some home for a pie That picture is crooked. Would you mind putting it straight? I’m going to the library this morning. Shall I change your books for you? Stop! Wait for me! I won’t be a moment! I’m so sorry! Did I hurt you? I must go home in an hour’s time. I must always be in before night o’clock Make me another suit like this. Don’t forget to put in a good lining. I hope to call for it in a week If you can supply me with this goods, please let me know I’ve always thought your sister was married. I must have confused her with someone else. I must go now, but you must introduce me to her one day How many pieces of watermelon can you eat? What! Only five? What a tiny appetite you have!