Indicative The verb tenses you have learned so far:  Present ( incl. the “–ing” form, ir+a+inf future)  Past (the preterite and the imperfect) The indicative is used for stating facts, communicating knowledge, or asking questions: Quiero conocer a Jaime. ¿Qué comiste esta mañana?

Subjunctive mood  Used to convey one speaker’s wishes, attitudes, hopes, fears, doubts, uncertainties, and other personal reactions to the events and actions of others. Quiero que (tú) conozcas a Jaime. Espero que (él) esté en casa. Me alegro de que (ustedes) vengan temprano a conocerlo.

Formation of the subjunctive mood  Start with the Yo form in the present tense  Drop the “o” ending  add the opposite endings: ▪ -Ar adds –Er/-Ir endings; -Er/-Ir adds –Ar endings 1) Hablar ---> Hablo 2) Drop the "o" 3) ---> Habl- 4) Add the opposite ending: `e' (in other words, an ending we would expect to see on an Ir or Er verb) 5) ---> Hable [subjunctive!] We take the first person singular "Yo " form of the verb (we'll use Hablar):

But this time we won’t simply take off the last two letters of the infinitive to get to the root/stem of the verb. We have a new way to form the stem:

The subjunctive mood If a verb is irregular in the present tense Yo form So are the subjunctive forms for all conjugations (yo, tú, él, ella, Ud., etc). conocer conozcøconozca, conozcas,… decirdigødiga, digas,… hacerhagøhaga, hagas,… ponerpongøponga, pongas,… salirsalgøsalga, salgas,… tenertengøtenga, tengas,… traertraigøtraiga, traigas,… venirvengøvenga, vengas,…

Stem-changing - ar and -er verbs follow the same pattern in the present subjunctive as the present tense yo form. Stem changes occur in all forms except nosotros (No for Nosotros) pensar (e  ie) volver (o  ue) piense pensemos pienses piensepiensen vuelva volvamos vuelvas vuelvavuelvan

-Ir verbs follow the pattern of the present tense yo form but also stem change (e  i and o  u) in the nosotros form divertirse (e  ie, i) pedir (e  i, i) dormir (o  ue, u) me divierta nos divirtamos te diviertas se divierta se diviertan pida pidamos Pidas pidapidan duerma durmamos Duermas duerma duerman

Verb Yo form (present tense) Subjunctive Ser Soy Sea Estar Estoy Esté Dar Doy Dé Ir Voy Vaya Saber Sé Sepa Haber He Haya

 When you want to express a desire, preference, recommendation, request, or suggestion that someone else do something, use  a verb of preference + que + subjunctive. (Yo) Quiero que (tú) vayas a la fiesta.  Notice that there are two subjects: the person influencing and the person influenced. Subject 1 Subject 2 expression of wish to influence -indicative- action influenced *subjunctive* ++ que

E U Q Imagined world of the Subjunctive Subjunctive Worlds©1996 drlemon Subject #1 Located in reality wanting Subject #2 to do something Subject #2 The verb is in the Subjunctive Bip! Bip! Bip! Verizon Wireless

Verbs that express the wish to influence include: querer (ie) preferir (ie, i) insistir (en) recomendar (ie) sugerir (ie, i) pedir (i, i) decir (i) to want to prefer to insist (on) to recommend to suggest to request to tell to do Quiero que me ayudes. Prefieren que salgamos ahora. Insisten en que lleguemos a tiempo. Te recomiendo que lo llames. Te sugiero que lo invites a la fiesta. Le pedimos que traiga pan. Te digo que no esperes más.

Modelo: La madre quiere que se acueste. 1. La madre quiere que…4. La madre le sugiere que… 2. La madre le pide que…5. La madre insiste en que… 3. La madre le pide que…6. La madre le dice al perro que…

 The subjunctive is used when a speaker expresses emotional reactions and feelings about the actions of another subject (person or thing).  Me alegro de que mi amigo me visite.  Esperamos que (él) pueda quedarse unos días Subject 1 Subject 2 expression of emotion indicative action or condition of another subject * Subjunctive* ++ Que The subjunctive and expressions of emotion

alegrarse (de) esperar sentir (ie, i) temer ¡Ojalá que…! to be glad (about) to hope, expect to be sorry, regret to fear, be afraid I hope… Me alegro de que estén comprometidos. Espero que se casen este verano. Siento que vivan tan lejos. Tememos que no puedan visitarnos. ¡Ojalá que me inviten a la boda!