El Repaso de los Conceptos Gramaticales

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Transcripción de la presentación:

El Repaso de los Conceptos Gramaticales Español 1A Examen Final El Repaso de los Conceptos Gramaticales

Subject Pronouns Yo = I Nosotros = we Tú = you (inf.) Vosotros = y’all Él = he Ella = she Usted = you (for.) Ellos = they (mas.) Ellas = they (fem.) Ustedes = you all In place of using a person’s name to tell who is doing the action of a verb, we also use pronouns. Ella es ordenada. Nosotros patinamos en el invierno.

Present Tense Verbs o amos as áis a an o emos es éis e en o imos es ís -AR endings -ER endings -IR endings o amos as áis a an o emos es éis e en o imos es ís e en

Irregular Present Tense Verbs IR: to go ESTAR: to be voy vamos vas vais va van estoy estamos estás estáis está están QUERER: to want PENSAR: to plan/think quiero queremos quieres queréis quiere quieren pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensa piensan

Irregular Present Tense Verbs JUGAR: to play PODER: to be able (can) juego jugamos juegas jugáis juega juegan puedo podemos puedes podéis puede pueden PREFERIR: to prefer GUSTAR: to like prefiero preferimos prefieres preferís prefiere prefieren ENCANTAR: to love can only end in –a (for singular objects) or –an (for plural objects)

Simple Future Formula = ir + a + infinitive verb Translates as “am going to…” Yo voy a nadar. (I am going to swim.) Ellos van a dibujar. (They are going to draw.) Tú vas a ir al cine. (You are going to go to the movies.)

Present Progressive Formula = estar + present participle (another verb with –ando or –iendo ending) AR verbs end in –ando; ER and IR verbs in -iendo Translates as “am –ing” Yo estoy nadando. (I am swimming.) Nosotros estamos comiendo. (We are eating.) Ellos están viviendo. (They are living.)

Adjectives Generally go after the noun (la mesa negra) Must agree in number (singular vs. plural) and gender (masculine vs. feminine) El pupitre rojo La chica artística Los plátanos amarillos Las uvas moradas Some adjs. are gender neutral and don’t change to –a (azul, prudente, gris, marrón, etc.)

Definite/Indefinite Articles The definite articles mean THE and they are: el, la, los and las You won’t use definite and indefinite at the same time. The indefinite articles mean A or SOME and they are: un, una, unos and unas a pencil = un lápiz the pencil = el lápiz some tables = unas mesas the tables = las mesas

Numbers Know spellings! Squish from 16-19 (dieci-) and 21-29 (veinti-) Accents on 16, 22, 23, and 26 Treinta = 30 treinta y uno = 31 Cuarenta = 40 Cincuenta = 50

Time It is … At… Minutes Menos 1 o’clock: Es la una. 2-12 o’clock: Son las… At… Starts at 1. = Empieza a la una. Ends at 2. = Termina a las dos. Minutes y media: half past y cuarto: quarter past Menos Used from 31 to 59 minutes Son las dos menos cinco = 1:55

Con Means “with” in English Exceptions: conmigo (with me) and contigo (with you) All the rest use con + the subject pronouns (i.e. con ella, con ellos, con nosotros, etc.)