Lenguaje.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Lenguaje

Lenguaje Comunicación de información por medio de símbolos dispuestos de acuerdo con reglas sistémicas Elementos formales: Gramática – sistema de reglas que determinan cómo se expresan nuestros pensamientos Fonología – estudio de las unidades más pequeñas del habla, llamadas fonemas Fonemas – las unidades más pequeñas el habla Sintaxis – Formas en que se combinan palabras y frases para construir enunciados Semántica – Reglas que rigen el significado de palabras y enunciados

Desarrollo del Lenguaje Balbuceo Sonidos parecidos al habla pero carente de significado http://www.videodetective.com/trailer-preview.asp?publishedid=5525 Producción del lenguaje – 1año Producción de palabras reales Palabras cortas que comienzan con un sonido consonántico Comprensión del lenguaje precede a la producción

Producción del lenguaje Habla telegráfica Sobregeneralización, los niños emplean reglas aunque generen errores Para los 5 años presentan un lenguaje similar al del adulto Adquisición del lenguaje Teoría del aprendizaje – principios del reforzamiento y el condicionamiento en la adquisición del lenguaje

Chomsky Seres humanos nacen con una capacidad lingüística innata Todos los idiomas comparten una estructura común Gramática universal El cerebro humano cuenta con un sistema neuronal que le permite comprender la estructura del lenguaje y ofrece estrategias y características únicas de nuestro idioma materno Mecanismo de adquisición del lenguaje

Influencia del lenguaje en le pensamiento Hipótesis de la relatividad lingüística La noción de que el idioma moldea y es capaz de determinar la manera en que la gente de una cultura particular percibe y entiende el mundo El lenguaje moldea y produce pensamientos La investigación reciente refuta la hipótesis y señala que el pensamiento produce lenguaje

Adquisición de un segundo idioma Educación Bilingüe Inmersión Beneficios cognoscitivos del bilingüismo Flexibilidad cognoscitiva Instrumentos lingüísticos para pensar debido a capacidades múltiples de lenguaje Jim Cummins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Cummins_%28professor%29

BICS/CALP BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills) “BICS refers to the basic communicative fluency achieved by all normal native speakers of a language. It is cognitively undemanding and contentextual and is better understood as the language used by students in informal settings, say, on a playground or cafe. Research by Cummins as well as Virginia Collier suggest that it typically takes language learners 1-3 years to develop BICS if they have sufficient exposure to the second language.”

CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) CALP refers to the ability to manipulate language using abstractions in a sophisticated manner. CALP is used while performing in an academic setting. CALP is the ability to think in and use a language as a tool for learning. Cummins' and Collier's research suggest that K-12 students need 5 to 7 years to acquire CALP in the second language if the learner has native language literacy. Learners who do not have strong native language literacy often need 7-10 years to acquire CALP in the second language.

CALP Instructors of Bilingual educational environments, Cummins tells us, should be mindful that a student's apparent ability to interact at a high cognitive level on the 'street' does not necessarily imply the same cognitive or communications ability in the 'class'. It is tempting for teachers and administrators to move students with a high BICS level into a 'mainstream' class because they 'sound' like the other kids on the playground. Cummins insists that a more thorough assessment of the student's academic language abilities be performed before moving the student out of a 'sheltered' language development environment.

Common Underlying Proficiency ( CUP ) Cummins' common underlying proficiency model of bilingualism can be pictorially represented in the form of two icebergs.  The two icebergs are separate above the surface.  That is, two languages are visibly different in outward conversation.  Underneath the surface, the two icebergs are fused such that the two languages do not function separately.  Both languages operate through the same central processing system.