Spanish III Mrs. Pacheco Los Mandatos Spanish III Mrs. Pacheco

What does these words have in common? Stop! Sit down! Please open the window. Please wash the dishes. Go to the party. Pet the puppy. Do not eat the cookies! Don't take the car out tonight! (command) (request) (grant permission) (deny permission)

Commands Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative mood" form of the verb. By now, you are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has both a formal and an informal style of speech (Tú / Usted). This distinction applies to commands. Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite commands.

Los Mandatos vs.

Informal Commands (affirmative) Take the form and drop the . OR Just use the form if that’s easier to remember! preparar --> barrer--> servir--> tú s él / ella / ud ¡Prepara! ¡Barre! ¡Sirve!

Informal Commands (Negative) To make a negative tú command, start with the form of the verb, drop the , and add the ending. preparar--> barrer--> servir--> yo o opposite tú -ar--> es -er/-ir--> as ¡No prepares! ¡No barras! ¡No sirvas!

Opposite endings Verbs that end in -ar won’t take the -as ending, but instead will take . Verbs that end in -er or -ir won’t take the -es ending, but instead will take . -es -as

Práctica cantar (+) 6. escribir (-) mirar (+) 7. comer (+) beber (-) 8. salir (-) escuchar (+) 9. hacer (-) hablar (-) 10. perder (-) ¡Canta! ¡No escribas! ¡Mira! ¡Come! ¡No bebas! ¡No salgas! ¡Escucha! ¡No hagas! ¡No hables! ¡No pierdas!

-car, -gar, -zar verbs When we make negative commands from a verb that ends in -car, -gar, or -zar, we make some spelling changes to keep the original sound.

-car For verbs that end in -car, the changes to , then we add the opposite ending, which will ALWAYS be since these are -ar verbs! c qu -es

-gar For verbs that end in -gar, the changes to . g -gu

Remember these rules only apply to -zar For verbs that end in -zar, the changes to a . Remember these rules only apply to z c negative commands

Cómo se hace… Buscar: Pagar: Cruzar: Empezar: ¡No busques! ¡No pagues! ¡No cruces! ¡No empieces!

Irregulars Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command. Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip. Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money. Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me. This also applies to stem-changing verbs. Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento) Count your blessings. Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo) Return quickly. Pida dinero. (yo pido) Ask for money.

Irregular Affirmative + Commands “Vin Diesel has 10 weapons.” Venir ¡Ven! = Come! Decir ¡Di! = Say! Tell! Salir ¡Sal! = Go out! Leave! Hacer ¡Haz! = Do! Make! Tener ¡Ten! = Have! Ir ¡Ve! = Go! Poner ¡Pon! = Put!

TWO Negative Irregulars ser ¡No vayas Don’t go! ¡No seas! Don’t be!

Cómo se hace… Poner Tener Venir Salir Hacer Decir ¡No pongas! Don’t put! ¡No tengas! Don’t have! ¡No vengas! Don’t come! ¡No salgas! Don’t go out! Don’t leave! ¡No hagas! Don’t do! Don’t make! ¡No digas! Don’t say! Don’t tell!

¡A Practicar! A. Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form. 1. Put the gun here. _________ la pistola acá. 2. Don't put the gun there. No la _________ pistola allá. 3. Tell the truth. _________ la verdad. 4. Don't tell lies. No _________ mentiras. 5. Come here. _________ acá.

Common Expressions ¡Ten cuidado! ¡Ven aca!/¡Ven aquí! ¡Dime la verdad! Be careful! Come here! Tell me the truth! Don’t go! Don’t tell me! You don’t say! Don’t be afraid! Put on the hat! Don’t be like that! ¡Ten cuidado! ¡Ven aca!/¡Ven aquí! ¡Dime la verdad! ¡No te vayas! ¡No me digas! ¡No temas! ¡Ponte la gorra! ¡No seas así!

Common Expressions Be patient! Come with me! Do me a favor! Make the table! Put your shoes on! Be organized! ¡Ten paciencia! ¡Ven conmigo! ¡Hazme un favor! ¡Pon la mesa! ¡Ponte los zapatos! ¡Sea organizado(a)!

Common Expressions Don’t go! Don’t worry! Vete! Sal! Se simpático! Be quiet!/Shut-up! ¡No te vayas! ¡No te preocupes! ¡Go! ¡Get out!/¡Move! Be nice! Calláte!

¡A Practicar! Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form. 1. Speak more slowly. (hablar) _______________ más lentamente. 2. Don't speak so quickly. No _______________ tan rápido. 3. Write a letter to your mother. (escribir) _______________ una carta a tu mamá. 4. Don't write on the wall. No _______________ en la pared. 5. Johnny, sing. (cantar) Juanito, _______________ .

Reflexive Verbs & Commands with DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS With the affirmative command all we did was ____________ the object pronoun to the affirmative command. (Notice we added an accent mark to keep the stress in the original place.) ATTACH

Quick Span. II Review How to use Double Objects to create reflexives verbs? I.O.P. D.O.P.

Overview: Indirect Object Pronouns Indirect objects tell “to whom” or “for whom” something is done (or who is receiving). Just like direct object pronouns replace direct objects, indirect object pronouns are the replacements for indirect objects, which are always personal nouns. INDIRECT OBJECT INCLUDES "TO/FOR" SINCE THEY ALWAYS INDICATE WHERE THE OBJECT IS GOING. Point of view Singular Plural 1st person me (to/for me) nos (to/for us) 2nd person te (to/for you informal) os (to/for you informal) 3rd person Le/SE (to/for you formal, him, her, it) Les/SE (to/for them, you formal)

Identifying a Direct Object Pronoun (DOP) A direct object is a thing or person that answers what or whom, respectively, in the following equation: SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM) DIRECT OBJECT Yo como los tamales

The direct object pronouns in Spanish are as follows: These are used exclusively for people me nos te os These are used lo, la los, las (lo, la) (los, las) for people and things

Cómo se hace… Reflexivo Lávate (Wash yourself!) Lavarse (tú) _________________ Secarse (tú)_______________ Sécate (Dry yourself!)

Cómo se hace… con objeto ¡Véndela! Sell it! Vender la casa _________________ Prestar el dinero ________________ Escuchar a nosotros _____________ Dar a mi _______________________ ¡Préstalo! Loan it! ¡Escúchanos! Listen to us! ¡Dame! Give me!

Negative Commands The difference with the negative commands is that the object pronoun will be placed _______________ the verb. BEFORE

RECUEDA..USE “TE” because they are informal Tú Commands No levantarse: __________________ No secarse: ____________________ No comerse: ____________________ ¡No te levantes! (Don’t get yourself up!) ¡No te seques! (Don’t dry yourself!) ¡No te comas! (Don’t gobble down!)

Cómo se hace… No comprar el carro _________________________________ No apagar la lámpara ¡No lo compres! (Don’t buy it!) ¡No la apagues! (Don’t turn it off!)

¡A Practicar! Use the information in parenthesis to translate the following sentences. Do not include the subject pronoun in your answer. (The subject pronoun is underlined in parenthesis.) 1. Buy it. (comprar / tú / el libro) 2. Open them. (abrir / tú / las ventanas) 3. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / los libros) 4. Bring it to me. (traer / tú / la comida) 5. Bring it to her. (traer / tú / el coche) 6. Don't bring them to him. (traer / tú / las plumas) 7. Open them. (abrir / tú / las ventanas) 8. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / las cartas) 9. Tell it to me. (decir / tú / el secreto) 10. Give it to me. (dar / tú / la pluma)

Los Mandatos Formales

Regular Formal commands (affirmative AND negative) Start with the form of the verb Drop the 3. Then put on the yo O. opposite personal ending. (Ud./Uds./Nosotros)

Formal Commands (+/-) -ar verbs -er/-ir verbs Ud. Nosotros Uds. habl E corr A corr habl AMOS EMOS corr habl AN EN

-car, -gar, -zar verbs Verbs that end in –car will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –gar will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –zar will have a spelling change in which the changes to C QU G GU Z C

“IR” Stem-changers (O-U Burrito Verbs) DORMIR MORIR Ud. (no) duerma Ud (no) muera Uds. (no) duerman Uds (no) mueran Nosotros (no) durmamos Nosotros (no) muramos

Irregulares Dar Ud. Uds. Nosotros VAYA Ir Ud. Uds. Nosotros SerUd. Uds. Nostros SaberUd. Uds. Nosotros EstarUd. Uds. Nosotros Dar Ud. Uds. Nosotros VAYAN VAMOS NO VAYAMOS! SEA SEAN SEAMOS SEPA SEPAN SEPAMOS ESTEMOS ESTÉ ESTÉN DÉ DEN DEMOS

Reflexive Verbs & Commands with DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS With the affirmative command all we did was ____________ the object pronoun to the affirmative command. (Notice we added an accent mark to keep the stress in the original place.) ATTACH

A PRACTICAR Lávese (Wash yourself!) Séquense (Dry yourselves!) lavarse (Ud.) _________________ secarse (Uds.)_______________ Séquense (Dry yourselves!)

Negative Reflexive Commands The difference with the negative commands is that the object pronoun will be placed _______________ the verb. BEFORE

RECUEDA..USE “Se” because they are formal Ud. & Uds. Commands 21. No lavarse __________________ (Ud.) 22. No secarse ____________________ (Uds.) 23. No comerse ____________________ ¡No se lave! (Don’t wash yourself!) ¡No se sequen! (Don’t dry yourselves!) ¡No se coman! (Don’t gobble down!)

¡A Practicar! A. Write the imperative form (formal command) for the given verb and pronoun. 1. Buy the book. (comprar) ______________ usted el libro. 2. Bring the food. (traer) ______________ ustedes la comida. 3. Don't cry so much. (llorar) No ______________ usted tanto. 4. Don't smoke here, please. (fumar) No ______________ ustedes aquí, por favor. 5. Read the book. (leer) ______________ usted el libro.

Nosotros Commands Nosotros commands are used when the speaker is included, and are used to express the idea "let's + verb." To form these commands, use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive. Comamos allí. Let's eat there. Contemos el dinero. Let's count the money.

Negative Nosotros Command To form the negative command, place the word no before the same verb form (present subjunctive). No comamos allí. Let's not eat there. No contemos el dinero. Let's not count the money. The only exception is the verb ir(se), which uses the present indicative for the affirmative command only. Vamos ahora. Let's go now. No vayamos a la tienda. Let's not go to the store.

Reflexive Verbs - Nosotros Regla: When attaching the pronoun to nosotros formal commands, remove the “s” from the “amos”/”emos” LAVARSE Lavémosnos  Lavémonos  No nos lavemos

A practicar – Affirmative Nosotros Quitarse los zapatos Ponerse las sandalias Despertarse temprano Quitémonos los zapatos. Pongámonos las sandalias. Despertémonos temprano.

Nosotros Commands - No acostarse tarde! No ponerse un suetér! No bañarse! No nos acostemos tarde! No nos pongamos un suetér! No nos bañemos!

Indirect Commands When the command is given through a third party, indirect commands are used (add “no” before to make it negative). The form is: "que + present subjunctive.” Que (no) entre María. (Don’t) Let María come in. Que vengan a las cuatro. Have them come at four o'clock. Indirect commands are also used to convey a hope or a wish. Que lo hagas tú. (I want) You (to) do it. Que vivas para siempre. May you live forever.

¡Practíquen! 1.May you (tú) feel better soon. (sentirse) ___________ te sientas mejor pronto. 2. May the boys feel better soon. (sentirse) Que se ___________ los chicos mejor pronto. 3. Let Juan come in first. (entrar) ___________ entre Juan primero. 4. Don't let Juan come in first. (entrar) Que no ___________ Juan primero. 5. Have Pablo put on the clean shirt. (ponerse) ___________ se ponga Pablo la camisa limpia.

Summary ~Regular~

Projecto (Video Project) Create a scene in which one character is giving instructions to another. You are expected to demonstrate good use of vocabulary related words and both affirmative and negative commands. *Remember commands are often used in live or present events/situations. Students, you’re to do the following in your projects: use at least 10 vocabulary words use at least 8 commands (3 of these were to be negative) express yourself with emotion (if necessary) Turn in a written copy of the dialogue with the vocabulary and commands underlined. All group members must speak. Topics (Role Playing): Giving health advice to another person. Giving cooking instructions for a recipe. Giving directions of how to build, create, do something. (e.g. origami) Giving a friend directions on how to get to the mall. Etc.