Subjunctive with an adjective clause

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Subjunctive with an adjective clause

Review You have already become familiar with the subjunctive with a nominal clause Yo quiero que los estudiantes practiquen el vocabulario. Now you will learn about using the subjunctive when you have an adjective clause.

What is an adjective? An adjective modifies a noun. un libro grande una casa roja una clase avanzada un empleado inteligente

What is an adjective clause? An adjective clause is a phrase (including a verb) that modifies a noun in the main (or independent) clause. Necesito hablar con una persona que hable español. Subject verb antecedent verb The noun to which the clause refers is called the antecedent (el antecedente).

Notice that the independent clause ends with a noun. Necesito hablar con una persona que hable español. Subject verb antecedent verb Notice that the independent clause ends with a noun. Notice that the dependent clause = the adjective clause, which modifies the antecedent (una persona)

So…why subjunctive? The adjective clause must be in the subjunctive if the antecedent is a person/thing whose existence is unknown, hypothetical, uncertain, not specific (indefinite), or is negative.

Examples: Necesitamos un libro que explique mejor la gramática. (indefinite antecedent)  subjunctive Quiero hablar con un profesor que pueda ayudarme con este proyecto. (I do not have a particular professor/teacher in mind; there may not be one who can help me) Prefiero un boligrafo que no sea rojo. (I am looking for pen that does not have red ink. I do not have a specific pen in mind and I do not know if I will be able to get such a pen)

Examples of a negative antecedent No hay nadie que pueda traducir esta carta. No conozco a nadie que hable ruso. No hay muchas personas a quienes les interesa la astronomía.

Indicative vs. Subjunctive We just reviewed when to use the subjunctive. We use the indicative in the dependent clause when the antecedent is known to exist

Indicative vs. Subjunctive (examples) Busco a la profesora que habla francés. Busco a una profesora que hable francés. Necesita el libro que explica el subjuntivo. Necesita un libro que explique el subjuntivo. Hay novelas que me interesan. No hay novelas que me interesen. Escojo las clases que más me gustan. Siempre escojo clases que me gusten.

When the antecedent is not mentioned… …adjective clauses are introduced by lo que… Haz lo que quieras (Do whatever you want) Haces exactamente lo que quieres. (You do exactly what you want) No me importa lo que digan. (I don’t care what they may say) No me importa lo que dicen. (I don’t care what they are saying)

Asking questions When the “sentence” is a question, we don’t know if the antecedent exists or not, therefore the adjective clause must be in the subjunctive. ¿Conoces a alguien que pueda explicarnos este informe? ¿Tienes un diccionario en dónde tú puedas buscar las definiciones?

The following words indicate that the person/thing to which it is referring is indefinite or unknown therefore summoning the subjunctive: Alguien, alguno(a), and algo are used in questions and affirmative sentences. Nadie, ninguno(a), and nada are used in negative sentences. Note: Use the personal a with alguien/nadie; No personal a is used with the antecedent if it is unknown (except with alguien/nadie.)

Ejemplos: Perdón, ¿tiene alguna pintura de Salvador Dalí que no sea muy cara? No, no tengo ninguna ahora. ¿Se le ofrece algo más? No, no se me ofrece nada más. Gracias.

Recuerda… Alguno and ninguno drop the o when referring to a singular, masculine noun. ¿Conoces algún museo que sea barato e interesante? No, no sé de ningún museo que sea barato e interesante en esta área.

!Ojo! It is possible to not have a que that connects both clauses. The conjunction que can be replaced with words such as: el(la) que el (la) cual quien(es) a quien(es) donde, etc. No hay muchas personas a quienes les guste ir de vacaciones a un lugar frío.

Ojalá, tal vez, quizás Ojalá is always followed by the subjunctive However, the word que that usually follows it, is not required. Similarly, tal vez and quizás (perhaps/ maybe) are always followed by the subjunctive unless they are at the end of a sentence.

Ojalá, tal vez, quizás (ejemplos) Tal vez (ella) vaya al cine con sus amigas el sábado. Quizás la maestra no nos dé muchas tareas esta noche. Ella va a ir al cine con sus amigas el sábado, tal vez. La maestra no nos va a dar muchas tareas esta noche, quizás.

Facil, ¿no? ¡Entiendo!