Señorita Hittie Español III Pre-AP

Tense vs. Mood  Every verb has a tense and a mood  Tense = Time Past, Present and Future  Mood = Feelings Outside of time All about context 3 Main Moods

Mood 1: Indicative  Just the facts  Like a teacher  The regular past, present, and future we have learned Christopher Columbus encontró América en 1492 Tenemos tarea esta noche Vamos a tener un examen el viernes

Mood 2: Imperative  Commands  Present Tense  Like a parent telling you what to do  Assume that it is going to happen ¡Haz la tarea! ¡Limpia la casa! ¡No vayas a la fiesta!

Mood 3: Subjunctive  The mood of doubt and uncertainty  Past, present*, or future  Like a bratty little sister Doesn’t believe in you Tells you what to do (doesn’t mean you’ll do it!) Always talking about her hopes and dreams No creo que vayas a aprobar el examen Sugiero que limpies mi cuarto Espero que Esteban salga conmigo

Forming the Subjunctive The formation of the subjunctive is exactly the same as the formation of commands! 1. Put the verb in the yo form Ex (Hablar – want tú form): hablo 2. Drop the –o habl- 3. Add the opposite ending hables

What are the “opposite endings?” AR VerbsER/IR Verbs  Yo – a  Tú – as  Él/Ella/Ud. – a  Nosotros – amos  Ellos/Ellas/Uds – an  Yo – e  Tú – es  Él/Ella/Ud. – e  Nosotros – emos  Ellos/Ellas/Uds – en

Irregulars – From “yo” form Stem Changers Nosotros  e  ie Mentir – mienta, mientas Pensar – piense, pienses  e  i Pedir – pida, pidas, pidan  o  ue Dormir – duerma, duermas Contar – cuente, cuentes Resolver – resuelva  u  ue Jugar – juegue, juegues  AR & ER: Back to normal stem Pensar – pensemos Contar – contemos Resolver – resolvamos  IR: e  i Mentir – mintamos Pedir – pidamos o  u Dormir - durmamos

Irregulars – From “yo” form Yo-Go’sG-J’s  Hacer – haga, hagamos  Tener – tenga, tengamos  Decir – diga, digas  Poner – ponga, pongas  Salir – salga, salgamos  Traer – traiga, traigamos  Caer – caiga, caigamos  Venir – venga  GER/GIR verbs  Escoger – escoja  Fingir – finja, finjamos  Proteger – proteja  Recoger – recoja

Irregulars – From “yo” form “Snow Cones” Z-C’s GU-G  CER/CIR verbs  Conocer – conozca  Obedecer – obedezca  Ofrecer – ofrezca  Vencer – venza  GUIR verbs  Seguir – siga, sigamos  Conseguir – consiga  Extinguir – extinga  Distinguir – distinga

Irregulars – From “yo” form Added “y”Accented í or ú  UIR Verbs  Add “y” in all 5 forms  Construir – construya  Destruir – destruya  Excluir – excluya  Huir – huya, huyamos  Incluir – incluya  IAR and UAR verbs  Accent in all forms except nosotros  Confiar – confíe, confiemos  Desconfiar – desconfíe  Enviar – envíe, enviemos  Esquiar – esquíe, esquiemos  Actuar – actúe, actuemos  Continuar - continúe

Irregulars – CAR, GAR, & ZAR  Spell Change in all 5 forms to prevent pronunciation problems  CAR: ce  que Practicar: practique, practiques, practique, practiquemos, practiquen  GAR: ge  gue Jugar: juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, jueguen  ZAR: ze  ce Empezar: empiece, empieces, empiece, empecemos, empiecen

True Irregulars  Dar dé, des, dé, demos, den  Estar esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén  Ir vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan Use ir + a + infinitive for the future  Saber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan  Ser sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean  Haber haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan Use with past participle for present perfect formation

What about pronouns?  Here’s one place our conjugation differs from commands.  You MUST put your pronouns (reflexive, reciprocal, direct object, indirect object) BEFORE the conjugated subjunctive verb.

What does it all mean?  English does not have a different conjugation for the subjunctive mood. voy = I go vaya = I go  The difference is subtle, so we have to think about when we need indicative or subjunctive… voy = I go (for sure) vaya = I go (maybe, hopefully, doubtfully, please)

Context  To use the subjunctive, first you have to indicate that there is a need for it.  You need to express that there is doubt, uncertainty, hope, or a suggestion.  We express these things through various expressions (see vocab), and use the indicative for this conjugation. I definitely doubt, hope for, or am suggesting  After that, we use the subjunctive for what it is that we are doubting, hoping, or suggesting  The word “que” acts as a bridge between the indicative and the subjunctive. It allows for a change of mood and a change in subject.

Examples