The Present Perfect Tense And Using Past Participles

Reviewing Compound Tenses You should remember the “present progressive” compound tense used to express actions in progress. ex: Miguel está comprando un anillo para su novia. It is called a compound tense because it has two parts. 1: Estar + 2: Present Participle (Which is the verb stem plus : Ar verbs - ando Er/Ir verbs – iendo)

Importants Points Remember that with pronouns (reflexive, indirect object, direct object, etc.) there are two rules: –It should be placed before the conjugated verb Ex: Me estoy cuidando. –Or placed attatched to the infinitive Ex: Estoy cuidándome.

Práctica We are talking I’m tanning They are writing You are dying I’m relaxing Estamos hablando Me estoy bronceando/ Estoy bronceándome Están escribiendo Estás moriendo Me estoy relajando/ Estoy relajándome

The Present Perfect To say that someone has or has not done something we use the present perfect. In English it looks something like this: I have finished. Note that there are two parts to its formation which makes it a compound tense.

Forming the Present Perfect In Spanish the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle. –Ex: (Yo) he terminado. HABER+ past participle Haber is conjugated as follows: hehemos has habéis hahan

Forming the Past Participle The past participle is formed by adding –ado to the stem of –ar verbs and –ido to the stem of –er and –ir verbs. VerbParticipleMeaning ex: tomartomadotaken comercomidoeaten vivirvividolived

Práctica Try these phrases on your own: She has met your sister. Ella ha conocido a tu hermana. We’ve talked in class. Hemos hablado en clase. I have eaten today. Yo he comido hoy. Have you walked the dog? ¿Has caminado con el perro? They have read many books. Ellos han leído muchos libros.

Participles with Special Spellings VerbParticipleMeaning caercaídofallen creercreídobelieved leerleídoread oíroídoheard reírreídolaughed traertraídobrought

Irregular Past Participles VerbParticipleMeaning Abrirabiertoopened Cubrircubiertocovered Decirdichosaid Descubrirdescubiertodiscovered Escribirescritowritten Hacerhechodone, made Imprimirimpresoprinted Iridogone

Irregular Past Participles Continued VerbParticipleMeaning Morirmuertodead Ponerpuestoput, placed Resolverresueltoresolved Romperrotobroken Vervistoseen Volvervueltoreturned

Práctica I have written. We’ve heard. She has put it on the desk. They saw. I have broken it. He has kissed her. He escrito. Hemos oído. Ella lo ha puesto en el escritorio. Ellos han visto. Lo he roto. (La) ha besado a ella. beso

Uses of Participles In both English and Spanish, past participles may be used as adjectives to modify a noun. In Spanish, when the past participle is used as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Ex: –Esa pintura fue hecha en Perú. That painting was done in Peru. –La catedral fue construida en The cathedral was built in 1560.

Uses of the Present Perfect In general, the present perfect is used to refer to a past action or event that is perceived as having some bearing on the present. –Mis padres han experimentado muchas dificultades. My parents have experienced many difficulties. The verb haber agrees with the subject of the sentence. The past participle, however, does not change according to the subject when it forms part of the perfect tense because it is not a adjective.

Rules with the Present Perfect The verb haber is not interchangable with tener. Haber means to have only when used as an auxilary verb with the past participle. Tener means to have or to own in the sense of possesion.

More Rules with the Present Perfect The verb haber and the past participle annot be separated by another word. Object pronouns and negative words are always placed before haber. –ex:¿Has conocido al señor malhumorado? Have you met the bad- tempered man? No lo he conocido todavía. No, I haven’t met him yet.

Más Practica A que nunca has… Háganse preguntas sobre experiencias que hayan tenido. Pueden usar las frases de la lista u otras que se les ocurran. MODELO:E1: ¿Te has estresado alguna vez en esta clase? E2: No, no me he estresado en ésta clase. –Ver una disputa entre amigos –Obsesionarse por una persona –Acostumbrarse a una situación difícil –Conocer a una persona famosa –Comer una comida rara