Compañeros La página 356 Using past participles in passive sentences

Active vs. Passive WHAT YOU KNOW Active: Los cubanos hablan español en Cuba. = The Cubans speak Spanish in Cuba. Passive with “se” with no agent of the action mentioned: (replace subject with “se” and make the verb agree with the new subject that follows the verb.) Se habla español en Cuba. = Spanish is spoken in Cuba. WHAT YOU NEED TO LEARN True Passive with the agent mentioned: El español es hablado en Cuba por los cubanos. = Spanish is spoken in Cuba by the Cubans. Note: Remember that Spanish sentences can’t be started with a common noun. Therefore,true passive often requires adding the definite article (el, los, la, las).

Most communication is Spanish is done using active sentences. In an active sentence the subject does the action. El hombre comió la torta. = The man ate the cake. SubjectverbD.O. Subject verb D.O. Ana comprará los libros. = Ana will buy the books. S Verb D.O. S V D.O.

In a passive sentence, the subject receives the action. What was the object becomes the new subject. La torta fue comida por el hombre. = The cake was eaten by the man. Los libros serán comprados por Ana. = The books will be bought by Ana.

Passive voice with “se” (un repaso) If the person doing the action in a passive sentence is not stated or implied, the impersonal “se” is preferred instead of the true passive voice. In the following sentences, notice how we do not know who ate the cake, nor do we know who will buy the books. Se comió la torta. = The cake was eaten. Se comprarán los libros. = The books will be bought.

Forming the true passive To form the true passive, make the object the subject of the sentence. Use “ser” in any appropriate tense. (Note: Past participles used as adjectives use the verb “estar.” Past participles used in the passive voice use “ser.”) Follow the verb “ser” with the past participle of the verb, making it agree in gender and in number with the new subject. Follow it by “por” and then indicate the person or thing (agent) that does the action. If you are expressing an emotion rather than an action, use “de” instead of “por.” (loved, respected, etc.)

ESQUELETO (actions) (pro) noun + ser (any tense) + past participle as adjective + por + agent (person/thing) POR EJEMPLO: La casa es pintada por mi padre.=The house is painted by my father. La casa fue pintada por mi padre.= The house was painted by my father. La casa será pintada por mi padre.=The house will be painted by my father. La casa sería pintada por mi padre.=The house would be painted by my father. Espero que la casa sea pintada por mi padre. = I hope that the house is painted by my father. ESQUELETO (emotions) (pro) noun + ser (any tense) + past participle as adjective + de +agent (person/thing) POR EJEMPLO: El profesor es respetado de los estudiantes. = The teacher is respected by the students. NOTE: You will need to review the verb “ser” in all tenses and moods that you have already learned.

El verbo “ser” PresentPreteriteImperfectFutureConditionalPresent Subjunctive soyfuieraseréseríasea eresfuisteerasserásseríasseas esfueeraseráseríasea somosfuimoséramosseremosseríamosseamos soisfuisteiseraisseréisseríaisseáis sonfueroneranseránseríansean

Note: If you use a pronoun after “por” instead of a noun, you must use pronouns as objects of the preposition. Por + mínosotros/nosotras tivosotros/vosotras Ud.Uds. élellos ellaellas Los zapatos fueron comprados por ti.

Inténtalo: Expresa cada oración en la voz pasiva con “se” y en la voz pasiva: Los estudiantes reciclan las botellas de vidrio. Se reciclan las botellas de vidrio. Las botellas de vidrio son recicladas por los estudiantes. La chica compró zapatos nuevos. Se compraron zapatos nuevos. Los zapatos nuevos fueron comprados por la chica.

El profesor dará muchos exámenes. Se darán muchos exámenes. Muchos exámenes serán dados por el profesor. Mi amigo haría los quehaceres. Se harían los quehaceres. Los quehaceres serían hechos por mi amigo.

Ojalá que mis amigos lean la novela. Ojalá que se lea la novela. Ojalá que la novela sea leída por mis amigos.