D EMONSTRATIVE A DJECTIVES AND P RONOUNS When you point out specific things, you use demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. A demonstrative adjective describes the location of a noun in relation to a person. Demonstrative pronouns are used in place of demonstrative adjectives and are the same forms except with an accent.

Demonstrative Adjectives este cerdo/esta mesa This pig/ this table estos cerdos/ estas mesas These pigs/ These tables ese cerdo/esa mesa That pig/ that table esos cerdos/ esas mesas Those pigs/ those tables aquel cerdo/ aquella mesa That pig (over there)/ That table (over there) aquellos cerdos/ aquellas mesas Those pigs (over there)/ Those tables (over there)

Demonstrative Pronouns éste /ésta This one (m,f) éstos / éstas These ones (m,f) ése /ésa That one (m,f) ésos / ésas Those ones (m,f) aquél / aquélla That one (over there) (m,f) aquéllos / aquéllas Those ones (over there) (m,f)

 Este libro es muy largo.  This book is very long.  Aquellos perros son muy ruidosos.  Those dogs (over there) are very noisy.  Quiero ésa.  I want that one (apple).  There are also demonstrative pronouns that refer to ideas or unidentified things that don’t have a specific gender.  Esto es importante. ¿Qué es eso? ¿Qué es aquello?

Ordinal Numbers When you talk about the order of items, use ordinal numbers. These are the first ten ordinal numbers. Primero(a) – First Segundo(a) – Second Tercero(a) – Third Cuarto(a) – Fourth Quinto(a) – Fifth Sexto(a) – Sixth Séptimo(a) – Seventh Octavo(a) – Eighth Noveno(a) – Ninth Décimo(a) – Tenth

Ordinal Numbers (cont.) Ordinal numbers agree in number and gender with the noun they describe. They are also placed before the noun. Ex. segunda manzana, cuarto carro Primero and Tercero drop the –o in front of a masculine singular noun. Ex. primer año, tercer libro To say last use último(a) To say second to last use penúltimo(a)

Estar + Prepositions of Location Remember using estar with location? For example: La carnicería está a la derecha de la farmacia. The butcher shop is to the right of the pharmacy. Here are the prepositions you need to know.

P REPOSICIONES DE L OCACIÓN a la derecha (de) a la izquierda (de) delante (de) detrás (de) enfrente (de) alrededor (de) arriba abajo encima (de) debajo (de) por encima (de) entre to the right (of) to the left (of) in front (of) behind facing, in front (of) around up(above) down(below) on top (of) below, underneath (of) over (with motion) between Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is.

P REPOSICIONES DE L OCACIÓN ( CONT.) lejos (de) cerca (de) al lado (de) adentro dentro de afuera fuera de derecho EXTRA WORDS desde hasta aquí/allí, acá/allá far (from) close (to) next to, beside (of) inside inside of outside outside of straight ahead from up to, as far as here/there Use these phrases with estar to describe where something is.

 Remember comparison statements?  Ex. Yo soy más alto que mi hermano.  Ex. A ella le gusta el bate menos que el guante.  When you want to say that something has the most or least of a certain quality, use a superlative.  With a noun the superlative goes after the noun and matches in gender and number with that noun.

El más, La más, Los más, Las más El menos, La menos, Los menos, Las menos Ex. Luis es más alto que Jorge. Mario es más alto que Luis. Mario es el más alto. Jorge es el menos alto.

 Bestel/la mejor, los/las mejores  Worstel/la peor, los/las peores  Oldestel/la mayor, los/las mayores  Youngestel/la menor, los/las menores  For an idea or concept, use lo  Ex. Lo más interesante es que sólo son las dos de la tarde.

¡Gracias por su atención! El fin