Karen Muhammad GRAMMAR BOOK. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preterit 2. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronoun 3. Ordinal Numbers 4. Prepositions 5. Future Tense 6.

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1 Karen Muhammad GRAMMAR BOOK

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preterit 2. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronoun 3. Ordinal Numbers 4. Prepositions 5. Future Tense 6. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 7. Reflexives

3 SPOCK VERBS SNAKE 1.STEM CHANGERS DOMIR Domí Domimos Domiste Dumió Dumieron 2. Y CHANGERS LEER Leí Leimos Leiste Leyó Leyeron Preterite Ir/Ser Dar/Ver Hacer fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron divi disteviste diovio dimosvimos dieronvieron andar estar poder poner querer saber tener venir conducir producir traducir decir traer anduv- estuv- pud- pus- quis- sup- tuv- vin- conduj- produj- traduj- dij- traj- -CAR changes to qué -GAR changes to gué -ZAR changes to cé NOTE: ONLY CHANGES IN THE YO FOURM! -Ar é aste Ó Amos aron -Er/Ir í Iste Ió Imos ieron

4 DEMONSTRATIVE ADJ & PRONOUNS Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Adjective Used when the object is more than just a short distance away Usually precede the noun Examples: este – this ese – that estos – these esos – those Demonstrative Pronouns Same as the demonstrative adjectives but always have a accent mark over the first letter Examples: éste – this ése – that éstos – these ésos – those

5 ORDINAL NUMBER When used with noun they must agree with number & gender. Ordinals are placed before nouns. 1.Primera 2.Segunda 3.Tercera 4.Cuarta 5.Quinta 6.Sexto 7.Septima 8.Octava 9.Novena 10.Decima

6 PREPOSITIONS Cerca(de) Delante(de) A la derecha(de) Detras(de) Entre A la izquierda(de) Al lado(de) Lejos(de) The Words Arriba & Abajo are never followed by de. Abajo debajo(de)encima(de) Arriba dentro(de)fuera(de) Use de only when a specific location follows the expression.

7 FUTURE TENSE Future tense “haber” + past participle Describes what will happen in the future before the action takes place. Habré Habrás Habrá Habremos Habrán ALL Verbs have the same endings in the future tense.

8 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES For actions that were repeated habitually For actions that “set the stage” for another past action For telling time For stating one’s age For mental states (usually) For physical sensations (usually) To describe the characteristics of people, things, or conditions abaía abasías abaía ábamosíamos abaisíais abanían AR ER/IR

9 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Demonstrative Pronouns are used in place of the adjective and the noun. They are the same as demonstrative adjectives except that they have an accent. Masculine Singular- éstePlural-éstosSingular-ésePlural-ésosSingular-aquélPlural-aquéllos Feminine Singular- éstaPlural-éstas Singular-ésaPlural-ésas Singular-aquéllaPlural-aquéllas

10 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS & VERBS Takes a special pronoun called a reflexive pronoun. A reflexive pronoun is the same person, place, or thing as the subject! The subject (yo) & the direct ibject (me) are the same person.