Juliana Carmona Esteban Cano Subsistema Interno Juliana Carmona Esteban Cano

Fundamental Components of Computer The CPU (ALU, Control Unit, Registers) The Memory Subsystem (Stored Data) The I/O subsystem (I/O devices) https://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/MachineArchitecture/Lessons/CPU/

Data Bus Actual data is transferred via the data bus. When the cpu sends an address to memory, the memory will send data via the data bus in return to the cpu.

Address bus CPU reads/writes data from the memory by addressing a unique location; outputs the location of the data (aka address) on the address buss; memory uses this address to access the proper data Each I/O device (such as monitor, keypad, etc) has a unique address as well (or a range of addresses); when accessing a I/O device, CPU places its address on the address bus. Each device will detect if it is its own address and act accordingly Devices always receive data from the CPU; CPU never reads the address buss (it is never addressed)

Control Bus Collection of individual control signals. Whether the cpu will read or write data. CPU is accessing memory or an I/O device Memory or I/O is ready to transfer data

I/O Bus or Local Bus In today’s computers the the I/O controller will have an extra bus called the I/O bus. The I/O bus will be used to access all other I/O devices connected to the system. Example: PCI bus

Register Section Includes collection of registers and a bus. Processor’s instruction set architecture are found in this section. Non accessible registers by the programmer. These are to be used for registers to latch the address being accessed and a temp storage register.

Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) Performs most Arithmetic and logical operations. Retrieves and stores its information with the register section of the CPU.

MEMORIA Es el dispositivo que retiene, memoriza o almacena datos informáticos durante algún período de tiempo.

MEMORIA PRINCIPAL Es la memoria de la computadora donde se almacenan temporalmente tanto los datos como los programas que la unidad central de procesamiento está procesando o va a procesar en un determinado momento.

MEMORIA SECUNDARIA Es el conjunto de dispositivos y soportes de almacenamiento de datos que conforman el subsistema de memoria de la computadora, junto con la memoria primaria o principal.

REGISTRO (hardware) Es una memoria de alta velocidad y poca capacidad, integrada en el microprocesador, que permite guardar transitoriamente y acceder a valores muy usados, generalmente en operaciones matemáticas.

CACHE La memoria caché es la memoria de acceso rápido de un microprocesador, que guarda temporalmente los datos recientemente procesados (información).

Ejemplo https://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/MachineArchitecture/L essons/CPU/