#8- The Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto del indicativo)
Pregunta Esencial What is the Present Perfect in Spanish and how is it formed?
The Present Perfect is used to talk about what someone has done. I have already read those books. They have purchased their prom tickets.
The Present Perfect is formed by… using the present tense of the helping verb, HABER utilizing a past participle Maru ha estado bajo mucha presión. haber past participle
Present Tense of HABER (to have…) Yo he … Nosotros hemos… (I have…) (We have…) Tú has… X (You have…) Él, ella Ellos, ellas, Usted ha… ustedes han… (He/she has…, (They/All of you have…) You formal have…)
The Present Perfect To form most PAST PARTICIPLES of verbs in Spanish, you drop the ending of the infinitive (ar/er/ir) and add… “–ado” to the stem of -ar verbs “–ido” to the stem of er/ir verbs. *Remember the “irregulars” (refer to #7- Past Participle Notes)
The Present Perfect We generally use the Spanish present perfect in the same way we use its English equivalent. However, haber and the past participle CANNOT be separated like in English. Siempre hemos vivido en Bolivia. We have always lived in Bolivia.
The Present Perfect of HABLAR he hablado I have spoken has hablado You have spoken ha hablado He/she has spoken You formal have spoken hemos hablado We have spoken X Han hablado They/All of you have spoken
The Present Perfect Notice that when the past participle is used with forms of haber, the final “-o “ never changes *you don’t have to consider gender or number anymore since it’s NOT being used as an adjective Carmen ha grabado su película favorita. Sus hermanos han grabado una telenovela.
The Present Perfect Notice that we place no and other negative words, object pronouns, and reflexive pronouns directly in front of the form of the verb haber. Has alquilado esa película alguna vez? No, no la he alquilado nunca. Susana ya se ha entrenado.
R roto E escrito V visto V vuelto M muerto A abierto C cubierto P puesto H hecho D dicho D devuelto Romper Escribir Ver Volver Morir Abrir Cubrir Poner Hacer Decir Devolver