Introducción a las finanzas de los sistemas de agua potables Glenn Barnes Centro Financiero del Medio Ambiente Universidad de Carolina del Norte 919-962-2789 glennbarnes@sog.unc.edu

Objectivos de la sesión Su sistema de agua potable como una sistema financiera

Los Conceptos Básicos ¿Qué servicios ofrece su sistema de agua potable?

Características de su sistema La salud pública Protección ambiental Servicio público Una empresa comercial

Empresa Comercial Su sistema debe sostenerse Para los sistemas gubernamentales, no utilizan los impuestos

Idealmente Sus ingresos incluyen el costo total del servicio

Diagrama de las finanzas del sistema de agua Los costos de operación Sus ingresos Sus ahorros Proyectos de capital La deuda Pagos de la deuda

Sus costos de operación El dinero que necesita para operar su sistema todos los días

Sus costos de capital Infraestructura existente Nueva infraestructura Reparar Reemplazar Nueva infraestructura

Pagos de la deuda Los pagos de sus préstamos

Sus ingresos... ¿De dónde?

Sus ahorros Su beneficio Depreciación ¿Por qué?

http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsystems_final_ratesetting_guide.pdf

Dificultades únicas por los sistemas pequeños

Inventario de los sistemas de agua potables 52,079 18,807 86,344 This is a snapshot of the universe of systems we regulate under SDWA. The first bar represents community water systems.... those that serve a permanent, resident population. The other two are non-community systems, with the middle one representing systems serving the same population over time, such as schools, churches, factories, office buildings, etc. The last bar represents systems serving a transient population, such as restaurants, truck stops, gas stations, campgrounds, etc. The total inventory is about 157,000 PWS. As you can see, small systems (3,300 or less) make up about 94% of all systems, and almost all of the transient systems. So, in terms of NUMBERS of systems, small systems really dominate. Source: SDWIS FY11Q3 frozen inventory tables

Dinero necesario para la infraestructura Exhibit 2.41: Need per Residential Connection by System Size Source: 2007 DWINSA and 2006 CWSS Based on the survey we do every two years to quantify the infrastructure needs for water systems, there's a real disparity between small and large systems. The smaller the system, the greater the infrastructure need, when looking at a per connection basis. You can see what a challenge this represents when it comes to user rates.

Sistemas con violaciónes de la salud Clientes Numero Sistemas con violaciónes Por ciento <= 500 29,065 7,145 25% 501-3,300 13,832 1,253 9% 3,301-10,000 4,950 425 10,001-100,000 3,812 278 7% >10,000 420 13 3% In addition to the infrastructure element, we are especially concerned about the performance of these small systems when it comes to meeting health protection standards for their customers. As you can see, the smallest systems have much higher violation rates than the larger systems, and these are the health-based standards, not just aesthetic standards. Source: SDWIS FY11Q3 frozen tables

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