Hablando del Pasado Pretérito Presente Perfecto Imperfecto

Uses of the Imperfect Ongoing Actions Habitual Actions Her name was Selena. She sang Tejano music. She had many fans. Many people liked her. Descriptions of People/Situations with no resulting action She lived in Texas. Selena was singing at age nine. Ongoing Actions She used to sing in their family-operated restaurant. Habitual Actions She would sing/sang often for quinceañeras, weddings, and fairs. Repeated Actions

Uses of the PRETERIT Events that Started or Ended in the past She started singing at age three. She died at age 23. Events that Started or Ended in the past Selena was growing in popularity when the president of her fan club murdered her. Actions that Interrupted another action When I heard her song Bidi, Bidi, Bom, Bom, I liked it. Reactions to something. I never met Selena, but Gloria Estefan and Madonna knew her. (Conocer preteritto meet; Conocer imperfectto know) Verbs with Different Meanings in the preterit

ANOTHER WAY TO TALK ABOUT THE PAST is to tell what people HAVE or HAVE NOT done. To talk about what people HAVE or HAVE NOT done, the verb is conjugated in the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

Forming The Present Perfect Conjugation of HABER in the Present Tense Past Participle Present Perfect Tense

HABER: HE HEMOS HAS HABÉIS HA HAN Present Perfect Yo he hablado. PAST PARTICIPLE: Drop the –AR and add –ADO or Drop the –ER/-IR and add -IDO Present Perfect Yo he hablado. Yo he comido. Yo he decidido.

REGULAR Past Participles are formed by: Dropping the–AR from the infinitive and adding –ADO Dropping the–ER/IR and adding –IDO EXAMPLE: The Past Participle of Hablar hablado = spoken Comer comido = eaten Recibir recibido = received

Careful… The Past Participle of Ir (to go)ido (gone): I have gone to Cuba. Yo he ido a Cuba. Don’t translate word for word. In other words, in Spanish you NEVER put anything between the 2 parts of the Present Perfect Conjugation like we do in English: I have never gone to Panamá. Yo nunca he ido a Panamá. Never separate parts of a conjugation

Te toca a ti… Give the past participle of each verb: Hablar Comer Vivir Estudiar Beber Recibir Ir 1. hablado 2. comido 3. vivido 4. estudiado 5. bebido 6. recibido 7. ido REMEMBER: this is NOT a conjugation

A Past Participle (like a Present Participle) needs a helping verb REMEMBER: A Past Participle (like a Present Participle) is NOT a conjugation A Past Participle (like a Present Participle) needs a helping verb Yo he comprendido. Tú has comprendido. Él ha comprendido. Nosotros hemos comprendido. Ellos han comprendido.

Remember: Only the conjugation of HABER changes to agree with the subject. Yo he… Nosotros hemos… Tú has… Vosotros habéis… Él ha… Ellos han…

I have listened to the teacher. You have received good grades. Te toca a ti… I have listened to the teacher. You have received good grades. He has practiced. We have learned. They have read the notes. 1. Yo he escuchado al maestro. 2. Tú has recibido buenas notas. 3. Él ha practicado. 4. Nosotros hemos aprendido. 5. Ellos han leído los apuntes.

Careful… You will need an accent on the “I” of –ído if you are adding it to a strong vowel (a, e, o). LeerLeído CaerCaído OírOído (have/has…) read fallen heard Although past participles & the preterit tense sometimes translate the same, you cannot interchange them. I read that book. Yo leí (NOT leído) ese libro. I heard a noise. Yo oí (NOT oído) un ruido.

I read the book last night. He has practiced. He practiced yesterday. I have read the book. I read the book last night. He has practiced. He practiced yesterday. They have received a good grade. They received a good grade. 1. Yo he leído el libro. 2. Yo leí el libro anoche. 3. Él ha practicado. 4. Él practicó ayer. 5. Ellos han recibido una buena nota. 6. Ellos recibieron una buena nota.

DICHO, HECHO, ESCRITO (said, done, written) Common IRREGULAR Past Participles: (sung to the tune of All Around the Mulberry Bush) DICHO, HECHO, ESCRITO (said, done, written) PUESTO, MUERTO, ABIERTO (put, died, opened) VUELTO, ROTO, VISTO (returned, broken, seen) ¡DESCUBIERTO! (discovered) Spoken: LEíDO, FRITO, IMPRESO, CUBIERTO (read, fried, printed, covered)

Remember: The Past Participle does NOT change. It always ends in “O” Yo he visitado México. Tú has visitado México. Ella ha visitado México. Nosotros hemos visitado México. Ellos han visitado México.

Te toca a ti… Selena has sung in Texas, but she has never sung in Alaska. Selena ha cantado en Tejas, pero nunca ha cantado en Alaska. 2. She has sold a lot of albums. 2. Ella ha vendido muchos álbumes. 3. We have not heard all her songs yet. 3. Nosotros no hemos oído todas sus canciones todavía.

Te toca a ti… 4. She has made a lot of money. 4. Ella ha hecho mucho dinero. 5. Many people have said that she was the best Latin singer of the 90s. 5. Muchas personas han dicho que ella era la mejor cantante latina de los 90s. OR Mucha gente ha dicho… 6. We have not seen the movie about her life yet. 6. No hemos visto la película de su vida todavía.

Yo no he visto la película todavía. Don’t confuse the past participle used in the perfect tenses with the past participle used with SER or ESTAR as an adjective: Yo no he visto la película todavía. La película fue vista por los estudiantes de español 2 el año pasado. Estos libros no son nuevos. Están leídos. Están usados.