Notes Aligned to Avancemos 3 Unidad 1 Lección 2 Family Vacation Vocabulary Imperfect Conjugation Preterite Vs Imperfect
Vocabulario
Vocabulario For each set of vocabulary words on our list, we’ll ask two questions: ¿Qué sabes? (What do you already know?) ¿Qué puedes adivinar? (What can you guess?) Then we’ll work together to fill in the ones we couldn’t guess.
La Familia El apellido El/la bebé El/la bisabuelo/a El/la biznieto/a El/la cuñado/a El/la esposo/a La madrina El matrimonio El/la nieto/a El/la novio/a La nuera El padrino El pariente El/la sobrino/a Ella suegro/a El yerno
La Familia El apellido El/la bebé El/la bisabuelo/a El/la biznieto/a El/la cuñado/a El/la esposo/a La madrina El matrimonio El/la nieto/a El/la novio/a La nuera El padrino El pariente El/la sobrino/a Ella suegro/a El yerno Last name Baby Great-grand mother/father Great-grand son/daughter Brother/sister-in-law Husband/wife Godmother Marriage Grandson/daughter Girl/boyfriend / fiancé Daughter-in-law Godfather Relative Nephew/niece Father/mother-in-law Son-in-law
La Naturaleza La arena La brisa Calor agobiante El caracol Hacer fresco La orilla El puerto La sombrilla Ver el amanecer Ver la puesta del sol
La Naturaleza La arena La brisa Calor agobiante El caracol Hacer fresco La orilla El puerto La sombrilla Ver el amanecer Ver la puesta del sol Sand Breeze Stifling heat Shell To be cool (weather) Shore Port Parasol To watch the sunrise To watch the sunset
Las Actividades La canoa El chaleco salvavidas La moto acuática El/la surfista La tabla de surf El velero El voleibol playero En absoluto Juntarse Mantener El equilibrio
Las Actividades La canoa El chaleco salvavidas La moto acuática El/la surfista La tabla de surf El velero El voleibol playero En absoluto Juntarse Mantener (El equilibrio) Canoe Life jacket Personal watercraft Surfer Surf board Sailboat Beach volleyball Not at all To get together To keep (Balance)
Las Actividades Marearse Merendar Pararse Parecerse a (alguien) Recoger Recostarse Refrescarse Refugiarse Reunirse
Las Actividades Marearse Merendar Pararse Parecerse a (alguien) Recoger Recostarse Refrescarse Refugiarse Reunirse To get seasick/dizzy To have a snack To stand up To look like (someone) To pick up To lie down To cool down To take refuge To get together
Los Viajes El carro La casa rodante Conducir La cubierta La escapada Hacer un crucero
Los Viajes El carro La casa rodante Conducir La cubierta La escapada Hacer un crucero Car RV To drive Deck (of a boat) Get away To go on a cruise
El Imperfecto
El Imperfecto The imperfect is one of the two PAST TENSES The other is called the PRETERITE
Usos We use the imperfect to talk about past actions that: We used to do (habitual actions) We were doing (on-going actions) We would do (in the past)
AR Endings aba ábamos abas abais aban
ER/IR Endings ía íamos ías íais ían
*Cuidado* Since the yo form and él/ella/usted form are the same in the imperfect, please make sure you say “yo” if that’s what you mean.
Irregulares Good news! There are only 3 irregular verbs in the entire tense! No go verbs, no stem changers, just…
Ir (to go) iba íbamos ibas ibais iban
Ser (to be) era éramos eras erais eran
Ver (to see) veía veíamos veías veíais veían
Práctica I was singing. We used to swim. She was paying. It was sunny. They used to be friends. You were seeing things.
Práctica I was singing. Yo cantaba We used to swim. Nadábamos She was paying. Ella pagaba It was sunny. Hacía sol They used to be friends. Ellos eran amigos You were seeing things. Tú veías cosas
Pretérito Vs. Imperfecto Two Past Tenses
El Pretérito Past actions that happened once El dios ________________ (transformar) en un hombre.
El Pretérito Past actions that happened once El dios transformó en un hombre.
El Pretérito Past actions that were an isolated event Los enemigos ________________ (pelear) sobre la tierra.
El Pretérito Past actions that were an isolated event Los enemigos pelearon sobre la tierra.
El Pretérito Past actions that happened “at” a specific time La heroína ________________ (morir) en 1992.
El Pretérito Past actions that happened “at” a specific time La heroína murió en 1992.
El Pretérito Past actions that occurred while something else was happening. El ejército preparaba cuando los enemigos ________________ (atacar).
El Pretérito Past actions that occurred while something else was happening. El ejército preparaba cuando los enemigos atacaron.
El Pretérito We use preterite for EVENTS The chain of events in a story line Distinct events, not matter how many times they have happened in the past One time events Yo fui al centro comercial ayer. Yo compré un gato en 1995.
El Pretérito You may see these verbs in the preterite more because they tend to be isolated or one-time events Nacer – being born is a one-time event Morir – dying is a one-time event Ir – going somewhere is normally part of a storyline Mi abuela nació en 1965. Ella murió en 2015 Yo fui a su casa una vez.
El Pretérito We use preterite with ACTIONS Actions within a defined period of time Isolated actions Interrupting actions (that disrupt something ongoing) Actions that did not happen Yo corté el césped ayer. Yo no lavé los platos.
El Pretérito You may see these phrases setting up preterite isolated actions: Un día… Una vez… Por un momento… Una vez mi familia se mudó a California. Un día, la princesa luchó un dragón. Por un momento, yo pensé en mi hermano.
El Pretérito You may notice that the body paragraphs of a story are mostly in the preterite because they tell us the events in the storyline. If you had to mark your verbs on a timeline, preterite verbs would make dots on a timeline – each one is an isolated event. Preterite verbs are the actions that hold a story hold together – the plot points. Shrek fue al torre, encontró a la princesa, y la trajo a su casa.
El Imperfecto Past actions that used to happen repeatedly Yo siempre ________________ (bailar) con la princesa.
El Imperfecto Past actions that used to happen repeatedly Yo siempre bailaba con la princesa.
El Imperfecto Past actions that you would do as a habit El emperador ________________ (llevar) ropa fina de muchos colores.
El Imperfecto Past actions that you would do as a habit El emperador llevaba ropa fina de muchos colores.
El Imperfecto Past actions or descriptions with no clear beginning and end ________________ (haber) una vez un guerrero. El enemigo ________________ (tener) celos del héroe.
El Imperfecto Past actions or descriptions with no clear beginning and end Había una vez un guerrero. El enemigo tenía celos del héroe.
El Imperfecto Past actions that were happening when something else occurred El ejército ________________ (preparar) cuando los enemigos atacaron.
El Imperfecto Past actions that were happening when something else occurred El ejército preparaba cuando los enemigos atacaron.
El Imperfecto We use imperfect for REPEATED ACTIONS “used to ___” “would ___” in the past Habitual actions Actions over an indefinite period of time Yo nadaba mucho como niña. Nosotros íbamos a la escuela a pie.
El Imperfecto You may see these key phrases Todos los sábados… Cada semana… Por mucho tiempo… Todos los sábados mi sobrino tenía clases de arte. Cada semana nosotros corríamos juntos.
El Imperfecto We use imperfect to SET THE SCENE “was ___ing” or “were ___ing” “was going to ___” Weather Time Description of a scene An on-going action that gets interrupted Era una noche oscura. Eran las nueve de la noche. Llovía y hacía frío. Yo estaba en mi carro y yo iba a conducir a la casa grande.
El Imperfecto You may see these verbs in imperfect more than others because they set the scene: Ser (with time) Hacer (with weather phrases) Era la una de la tarde. Hacía mucho calor.
El Imperfecto We use imperfect to DESCRIBE Age Physical Appearance Feelings, Emotions, and Beliefs States of Mind/Body (tener hambre) Selena era mi hermana. Ella era bonita y alta. Ella siempre estaba feliz y siempre tenía suerte.
El Imperfecto You may see these verbs in imperfect more than others because they are often used to describe: Ser (with descriptions) Tener (with eye color, hair color, age) Llamarse (to say someone’s name) Ella era simpática, tenía pelo castaño, y se llamaba Lola.
El Imperfecto You may notice that the first paragraph of a story is often in the imperfect because it sets the scene. If you had to mark your verbs on a timeline, imperfect verbs could not fit into a single dot on a timeline – these are things that go on for awhile. Imperfect verbs are the things that make a story juicy – descriptions, feelings, what was going on in the background, etc. Había una vez un emperador. Él vivía en un palacio y llevaba ropa extraña.
El Imperfecto OPA TWA FEB This might work as a partial summary: “Oprah took a TWA flight in February” Outward Physical Appearance Time Weather Age Feelings Emotions Beliefs
Meaning Changers Imperfecto Pretérito Saber = to know something Conocer = to know someone Haber = there existed Pretérito Saber = to find something out Conocer = to meet someone Haber = there occurred
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I swam yesterday I used to swim.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I swam yesterday Yo nadé ayer. PRETÉRITO I used to swim. Yo nadaba. IMPERFECTO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I went to the zoo on a field trip. As a kid, I went to the zoo a lot.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I went to the zoo on a field trip. Yo fui al zoológico en un paseo. PRETÉRITO As a kid, I went to the zoo a lot. Como niño, yo iba al zoológico mucho. IMPERFECTO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I remember taking that class. I was so confused. For a moment, I got confused.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I remember taking that class. I was so confused. Yo recuerdo esa clase. Yo estaba muy confundido. IMPERFECTO For a moment, I got confused. Por un momento, yo estuve confundido. PRETÉRITO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I knew my husband for 5 years before we married. I met my husband in dance class.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I knew my husband for 5 years before we married. Yo conocía a mi esposo por cinco años antes de casarse. IMPERFECTO I met my husband in dance class. Yo conocí a mi esposo en una clase de baile. PRETÉRITO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I found out that we had a test. I knew that we had a test
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? I found out that we had a test. Yo supe que teníamos un examen. PRETÉRITO I knew that we had a test Yo sabía que teníamos un examen. IMPERFECTO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? There was a fire drill yesterday. There were a lot of kids standing outside.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? There was a fire drill yesterday. Hubo un simulacro de incendio ayer. PRETÉRITO There were a lot of kids standing outside. Había muchos estudiantes parados afuera. IMPERFECTO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? Once upon a time a baby was born. His name was Josué, he had lots of dark hair, and he smiled all the time.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? Once upon a time a baby was born. Hace muchos años un bebé nació. PRETÉRITO His name was Josué, he had lots of dark hair, and he smiled all the time. Él se llamaba Josué, tenía mucho pelo oscuro, y siempre sonreía. IMPERFECTO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? My grandma was named Elizabeth. She was an artist, she loved her dog, and she watched birds from her deck. She died in 2006.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? My grandma was named Elizabeth. She was an artist, she loved her dog, and she watched birds from her deck. Mi abuela se llamaba Elizabeth. Ella era artista, amaba a su perro, y miraba a los pájaros de la cubierta. IMPERFECTO She died in 2006. Ella murió en 2006. PRETÉRITO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? Once upon a time there was a princess named Anna. She loved snow and played with her sister every day. One day her sister accidentally hit her with a magic spell and Anna froze. Her parents heard the commotion and came to help.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? Once upon a time there was a princess named Anna. She loved snow and played with her sister every day. Había una vez una princesa que se llamaba Anna. A ella le encantaba la nieve y ella jugaba con su hermana todos los días. IMPERFECTO One day her sister accidentally hit her with a magic spell and Anna froze. Her parents heard the commotion and came to help. Un día su hermana la tiró con magía por accidente y ella se congeló. Sus padres oyeron todo y vinieron a ayudar. PRETÉRITO
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? This morning I work up, brushed my teeth, showered, and went to work. This morning I was so grumpy. My head hurt and I was so tired and I just wanted to stay in bed.
¿Pretérito o Imperfecto? This morning I work up, brushed my teeth, showered, and went to work. Esta mañana yo me desperté, me cepillé los dientes, me duché, y fui al trabajo. PRETÉRITO This morning I was so grumpy. My head hurt and I was so tired and I just wanted to stay in bed. Esta mañana yo estaba muy enojada. Me dolía la cabeza y estaba muy cansada y quería quedarme en la cama. IMPERFECTO