Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis Mario Torralba e-mail: mtv@ign.ku.dk PhD student. Department.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis Mario Torralba e-mail: mtv@ign.ku.dk PhD student. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management Landscape Architecture & Planning University of Copenhagen Mario Torralba, Nora Fagerholm, Paul J. Burgess, Gerardo Morenos, Tobias Plieninger 2016. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 230: 150-161.

Agroforestry is the practice of deliberately integrating woody vegetation (trees or shrubs) with crop and/or animal production systems to benefit from the resulting ecological and economic interactions Los sistemas silvopastorales. Definicion, a nivel Europeo muy variados. Hablar de como: Silvopastoral systems are complex and dynamic tree-based rangeland systems, often found in regions of environmental and economic marginality. Silvopastures provide multiple ecosystem goods and services. Frequently of ancient origin, silvopastoral systems have shaped the cultural identities of communities and are part of local heritage. Sin embargo…

Silvopastoral systems Combining trees with forage and animal production. It comprises forest or woodland grazing and open forest trees

Silvoarable systems Widely spaced trees inter-cropped with annual or perennial crops. It comprises alley cropping, scattered trees and line belts Los sistemas agroforestales también incluyen otras clases de uso de suelo que tienen en común la combinación de árbol y tal. Hay que decir que son menos abundantes que en Europa, más modernos. Entonces, si son tan distintos por qué combiene estudiarlos juntos?

Ruled by the same European policy framework COMMON THREATS Agroforestry systems INTENSIFICATION ABANDONMENT Homogenization of landscapes Tienen las mismas amenazas Están dentro de la union Europea considerados regidos por similar legislación. Ruled by the same European policy framework

Provisioning Ecosystem Services INTRODUCTION Current Social demand has changed New oportunities for agroforestry systems Provisioning Ecosystem Services Supporting Ecosystem Services Regulating Ecosystem Services Cultural Ecosystem Services Quizás esta transparecia sobra. Quizás la sustituya. Por la del marco general (Mirar presentaciones del simmer school) Meter el tema de la legislación

IPBES theoretical framework

Central hypothesis of agroforestry: integration of trees within agricultural systems results in a more efficient acquisition of resources, such as solar radiation, water and nutrients, that the agricultural system would otherwise not acquire (Cannell et al. 1996). Graves et al., 2007 Ecological Engineering 29: 434-449 Contar la hipótesis central de los sistemas agroforestales que ha sido probada por medio de modelado. El congreso de sistemas agroforestales lleva 20 anos haciendose Foto La investigación alrededor de los servicios ecosistémicos también ha sido muy potente: Paper de Nora.. Número de papers en los que se ha hecho research. Sin embargo… Algunos datos sobre cómo este research no se ha hecho de manera global sino a nivel individual Esto justifica hacer el meta-análisis

Modified from Fagerholm et al. 2106 Number of studies Modified from Fagerholm et al. 2106 Falta alguna foto sobre el congreso sobre sistemas agroforestales

Research questions: Does European agroforestry enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services relative to specialised agriculture or forestry? Which categories of ecosystem services are most supported by agroforestry? What differences arise between different kinds of agroforestry (i.e. silvoarable systems, silvopastoral agroforestry)? Quizas aqui poner una transparecia más sobre cómo es exactamente el proceso de un meta-análisis

Hedge’s g for biodiversity Response ratios for ecosystem services Landscape Architecture and Planning Methods Inclusion criteria Publications which: Compare agroforestry systems with farmland/forestry. European country Quantitative ecosystem service assessment based on primary data Include means, standard deviation and n. Review Protocol Data search Hedge’s g for biodiversity g = (µAF- µC)/s Response ratios for ecosystem services lr = ln(µAF) - ln(µC). Data extraction Data analysis 53 Publications 365 Comparissons

Results

Aqui lo que se puede es hacer referencia.

Response ratio Response ratio Aqui tengo que hacer referencia al Systematic review para mostrar el número de paper que se hacen assessment at a landscape scale También no estaría mal poner un paper en el que se diga el número de papers que se hacen en el Mediterráneo y el mapa de donde hay más sistemas silvopastorales o extensión de sistemas agroforestales Response ratio

Mediterranean vineyards Mediterranean olive Esto es lo que es más obvio. Que estos sistemas son los que estan obsoletos y que no dan nada en comparacion. Mediterranean vineyards

Chestnut plantation Intercropped chestnut plantation Walnut plantation Intercropped walnut plantation

Importance of the scale French bocage Streubost Spanish dehesa French pré-verger

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION More information: mtv@ign.ku.dk Torralba, M., Fagerholm, N., Burgess, P.J., Moreno, G., Plieninger, T. Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis. 2016 Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 230: 150-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.06.002 Fagerholm, N., Torralba, M., Burgess, P.J., Plieninger, T. 2016. A systematic map of ecosystem services assessments around European agroforestry. Ecological Indicators 62: 47-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.11.016