Imperfect Past Tense Verbs

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Imperfect Past Tense Verbs Explanation and conjugations

Imperfect Tense Notes 3. Imperfect tense How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) 2: add the appropriate Imperfect tense endings to match the subject. -ar verb endings -er /-ir endings aba ábamos ía íamos abas abais ías íais aba aban ía ían Note: There are only 3 irregular verbs: Ver, ser, and Ir Ver - Veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían Ser – era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran Ir – iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban

Continuation of notes When to use it In general, The Imperfect tense is used for used for actions in the past that are not seen as completed. It implies that the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. Translate the Imperfect tense as was/were ...ing, used to ..., would (meaning used to) …

Continuation of notes The imperfect is used for actions that were repeated habitually. Almorzábamos juntos todos los días. We would lunch together every day. Las señoras siempre charlaban por las mañanas. The ladies would always chat in the mornings.

Continuation of notes The imperfect is used for actions that "set the stage" for another action. Yo leía cuando entró mi papá. I was reading when my papa entered. (note that "entered" is preterite) The imperfect is used for telling time, describing weather, and stating one's age. Eran las siete de la noche. It was seven o'clock at night. La niña tenía cinco años. The little girl was five years old.

Continuation of notes One does not normally think of a general mental state or physical sensations as having a definite beginning or end, and so they are usually expressed in the imperfect. Ramón tenía miedo de hablar en público. Ramón was afraid to speak in public. Yo creía que Juan podía hacerlo. I thought that Juan could do it. Me gustaba el coche. I liked the car. (The car was pleasing to me.)

Continuation of notes The imperfect is used to describe how things were or what things were like. Use the imperfect when describing the characteristics of people, things or conditions. Era un muchacho muy inteligente. He was a very intelligent boy. Era una señorita muy guapa. She was a beautiful young lady. Las ventanas estaban abiertas. The windows were open. La casa era blanca. The house was white.

Continuation of notes Preterite vs. Imperfect Some verbs actually change meaning, depending upon whether they are used in the preterite or the imperfect. Pret. Imperfect Conocer met Used to know/knew Querer tried wanted no querer refused did not want Saber found out Used to know, knew Poder succeeded in was able to Tener received used to have

Continuation of notes Spanish has two past tenses: preterite and imperfect. Most verbs can be put into either tense, depending upon the meaning. Some words and phrases indicate specific time frames, and therefore signal the use of the preterite. Other words and phrases indicate repetitive, vague or non-specific time frames, and therefore signal the use of the imperfect.

Continuation of notes Expressions that signal use of imperfect a menudo (often) generalmente (usually) a veces (sometimes) muchas veces (many times) cada día (every day) siempre (always) cada año (every year) todo el tiempo (all the time) de vez en cuando (from time to time) varias veces (several times) Expressions that signal use of preterite Ayer (yesterday) la semana pasada (last week) anoche (last night) el mes pasado (last month) el otro día (the other day) el año pasado (last year) entonces (then) hace dos días, años (two days, years ago) esta mañana(this morning) ayer por la mañana (yesterday morning)

REPEATED, HABITUAL ACTION Continuation of notes Compare the following sentences. COMPLETED ACTION (Preterite) Ellos fueron al cine el sábado pasado. They went to the movies last Saturday. Ayer se sentaron en la última fila. Yesterday they sat in the last row. Anoche se acostaron temprano. Last night they went to bed early. REPEATED, HABITUAL ACTION (imperfect) Ellos iban al cine todos los sábados. They went (used to go) to the movies every Saturday. Siempre se sentaban en la primera fila. They always sat (would sit) in the first row. Todas las noches se acostaban tarde. Every night they went (would go) to bed late.

Continuation of notes Two actions in one sentence Narrating a sequence of events Often a sentence may have two or more verbs in the past. The verbs may be in the same tense or in different tenses. In the sentence below, both verbs are in the preterite. Both describe simple actions that began and ended at a specific time in the past. Laura llegó ayer y Pepe la vio. Laura arrived yesterday and Pepe saw her.   2. In the sentence below, the two verbs are in the imperfect because they both describe habitual or continuous actions. The moment when the actions began or ended is unimportant. Durante los inviernos, Adela iba a las montañas a esquiar, pero yo trabajaba. During the winters, Adela went(would go) to the mountains to ski, but I would work. 3. In the sentence below, the verb estudiaba is in the imperfect; it describes the background—what was going on. The verb in the preterite, entró, expresses the action or event that interrupted the ongoing action. Yo estudiaba cuando Julia entró. I was studing when Julia entered.

Imperfect Tense Conjugations

1 Hablar hablamos 2. hablé hablaste hablasteis habló hablaron hablaba To talk, to speak hablamos 2. hablé hablaste hablasteis habló hablaron hablaba Hablábamos 3. hablabas hablabais hablaba hablaban

2 comer To eat 2. comí comimos comiste comisteis comió comieron 3. comía comíamos comías comíais comía comían

3 vivir To live 2. viví vivimos viviste vivisteis vivió vivieron 3. vivía vivíamos vivías vivíais vivía vivían

4 ser To be 2. fui fuimos fuiste fuisteis fue fueron 3. era éramos eras erais era eran

5 Estar To be 2. estuve estuvimos estuviste estuvisteis estuvo estuvieron 3. estaba estábamos estabas estabais estaba estaban

6 ir To go 2. fui fuimos fuiste fuisteis fue fueron 3. iba íbamos ibas ibais iba iban

7 dar 2. dí dimos diste disteis dio dieron 3. daba dábamos dabas To give, to throw(a party) 2. dí dimos diste disteis dio dieron 3. daba dábamos dabas dabais daba daban

8 ver To see 2. vi vimos viste visteis vio vieron 3. veía veíamos veías veíais veía veían

9 leer To read 2. leí leímos leíste leísteis leyó leyeron 3. leía leíamos leías leíais leía leían

10 pagar To pay 2. pagué pagamos pagaste pagasteis pagó pagaron 3. pagaba pagábamos pagabas pagabais pagaba pagaban

11 tocar 2. toqué tocamos tocaste tocasteis tocó tocaron 3. tocaba To touch, to play (an instrument) 2. toqué tocamos tocaste tocasteis tocó tocaron 3. tocaba tocábamos tocabas tocabais tocaba tocaban

12 aprender To learn 2. aprendí aprendimos aprendiste aprendisteis aprendieron 3. aprendía aprendíamos aprendías aprendíais aprendía aprendían

13 tener To have 2. tuve tuvimos tuviste tuvisteis tuvo tuvieron 3. tenía teníamos tenías teníais tenía tenían

14 querer 2. quise quisimos quisiste quisisteis quiso quisieron 3. To want, to wish, To love 2. quise quisimos quisiste quisisteis quiso quisieron 3. quería queríamos querías queríais quería querían

15 comenzar To begin 2. comencé comenzamos comenzaste comenzasteis comenzaron 3. comenzaba comenzábamos comenzabas comenzabais comenzaba comenzaban

16 dormir To sleep 2. dormí dormimos dormiste dormisteis durmío durmieron 3. dormía dormíamos dormías dormíais dormía dormían

17 poder 2. pude pudimos pudiste pudisteis pudo pudieron 3. podía To be able to, can 2. pude pudimos pudiste pudisteis pudo pudieron 3. podía podíamos podías podíais podía podían

18 poner To put, to place 2. puse pusimos pusiste pusisteis puso pusieron 3. ponía poníamos ponías poníais ponía ponían

19 salir 2. salí salimos saliste salisteis salió salieron 3. salía To leave, to go out 2. salí salimos saliste salisteis salió salieron 3. salía salíamos salías salíais salía salían

20 hacer To do, to make 2. hice hicimos hiciste hicisteis hizo hicieron 3. hacía hacíamos hacías hacíais hacía hacían

21 traer To bring 2. traje trajimos trajiste trajisteis trajo trajeron 3. traía traíamos traías traíais traía traían

22 Venir To come 2. vine vinimos viniste vininsteis vino vinieron 3. Venía Veníamos Venías Veníais Venía Venían

23 saber To know 2. supe supimos supiste supisteis supo supieron 3. sabía sabíamos sabías sabíais sabía sabían

24 conocer 2. conocí conocimos conociste conocisteis conoció To know, to be familiar with 2. conocí conocimos conociste conocisteis conoció conocieron 3. conocía conocíamos conocías conocíais conocía conocían

25 Lavarse 2. me lavé nos lavamos te lavaste os lavasteis se lavó To wash one’s self 2. me lavé nos lavamos te lavaste os lavasteis se lavó se lavaron 3. me Lavaba nos Lavábamos te Lavabas os Lavabais se Lavaba se Lavaban

26 acostarse To go to bed me acosté nos acostamos 2. te acostaste os acostasteis se acostó se acostaron me acostaba nos acostábamos 3. te acostabas os acostabais se acostaba se acostaban

27 divertirse me divertí nos divertimos 2. os divertisteis To enjoy one’s self, To have a good time me divertí nos divertimos 2. os divertisteis te divertiste se divirtió se divirtieron me divertía nos divertíamos 3. os divertíais te divertías se divertían se divertía

28 andar To walk 2. anduve anduvimos anduviste anduvisteis anduvo anduvieron 3. andaba andábamos andabas andabais andaba andaban

29 decir To say, to tell 2. dije dijimos dijiste dijisteis dijo dijeron 3. decía decíamos decías decíais decía decían

30 pedir 2. pedí pedimos pediste pedisteis pidió pidieron 3. pedía To ask for, to request 2. pedí pedimos pediste pedisteis pidió pidieron 3. pedía pedíamos pedías pedíais pedía pedían

31 seguir 2. seguí seguimos seguiste seguisteis siguió siguieron 3. To follow, to continue 2. seguí seguimos seguiste seguisteis siguió siguieron 3. seguía seguíamos seguías seguíais seguía seguían

32 oír To hear 2. oí oímos oíste oísteis oyó oyeron 3. oía oíamos oías oíais oía oían