Present Tense of AR Verbs Las clases de Sra. Schwarz Realidades 1

Sra. Schwarz VERBS You already know that the infinitive forms of Spanish verbs always end in AR, ER, or IR: HABLAR, BEBER, ESCRIBIR

Sra. Schwarz VERBS The infinitive is the verb form you would find in a Spanish- English dictionary. In English, the infinitive is “to + (verb),” for example: to eat, to walk, to speak, etc.

Sra. Schwarz Some infinitives you already know are: n Enseñar n Estudiar n Hablar n Bailar n Cantar n Dibujar n Escuchar n Comer n Esquiar n Jugar n Montar n Nadar n Trabajar n Patinar

Sra. Schwarz SPANISH CONJUGATIONS For every infinitive in Spanish, there is a stem and an ending. Let’s consider the verb estudiar. ESTUDI is the verb stem while AR is the verb ending.

Sra. Schwarz SPANISH CONJUGATIONS To change an infinitive to a form that tells who is doing the action, you must remove the AR and add the appropriate verb ending to the stem.

Sra. Schwarz SPANISH CONJUGATIONS This action is called conjugating the verb. After we conjugate verbs, the last letter or letters of the verb tell you who does the action.

Sra. Schwarz SPANISH CONJUGATIONS The largest group of verbs in Spanish end in AR. To create the forms (conjugations) of regular AR verbs, follow these steps:

Sra. Schwarz SPANISH CONJUGATIONS Drop the AR from the infinitive to find the verb stem: HABLAR  HABL Then, add the AR verb endings to the stem: O, AS, A, AMOS, ÁIS, AN

Sra. Schwarz THE VOSOTROS FORM Verb forms ending in áis, such as estudiáis, are primarily used in the country of Spain. Most other Spanish-speaking countries use the ustedes (Uds.) form in place of vosotros.

Sra. Schwarz TO STUDY (ENGLISH) I studyWe study You studyYou (pl.) study He She studies (it) They study

Sra. Schwarz ESTUDIAR (SPANISH) yo estudionosotros estudiamos nosotras estudiamos tú estudiasvosotros estudiáis vosotras estudiáis Ud. estudia él estudia ella estudia (“it”) estudia Uds. estudian ellos estudian ellas estudian (plural “it”) estudian

Sra. Schwarz REVIEW (Repaso) The basic, non-conjugated form of a verb is called an infinitive. Infinitives in Spanish always end in AR, ER, or IR. To conjugate AR verbs, you must first find the stem of the verb: [INFINITIVE] – [AR] = STEM

Sra. Schwarz REVIEW (Repaso) Then, simply add the verb endings (i.e. conjugate) to indicate who (or what) is doing the action: o, as, a, amos, áis, an Let’s conjugate!

Sra. Schwarz TOCAR yo toconosotros tocamos nosotras tocamos tú tocasvosotros tocáis vosotras tocáis Ud. toca él toca ella toca (“it”) toca Uds. tocan ellos tocan ellas tocan (plural “it”) tocan

Sra. Schwarz ENSEÑAR yo enseñonosotros enseñamos nosotras enseñamos tú enseñasvosotros enseñáis vosotras enseñáis Ud. enseña él enseña ella enseña (“it”) enseña Uds. enseñan ellos enseñan ellas enseñan (plural “it”) enseñan

Sra. Schwarz UNIQUE CONJUGATIONS Let’s look at the verb hablar. Notice how each conjugation for hablar is unique, or one-of-a-kind: hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan Because of this, you can often use the verb without a subject pronoun.

Sra. Schwarz UNIQUE CONJUGATIONS Hablo inglés. I speak English. Here, the subject yo is implied because only the “yo” form of the conjugation ends in o.

Sra. Schwarz SUBJECT PRONOUNS Subject pronouns are often used for emphasis, and may be necessary for clarification: Ella habla inglés pero él habla español. She speaks English but he speaks Spanish.

Sra. Schwarz SUBJECT PRONOUNS We know that the conjugation habla only goes with the subject pronouns él, ella, and Ud. We must clarify who speaks which language by using a subject pronoun: Ella habla inglés pero él habla español.

Sra. Schwarz NEGATING SENTENCES When you want to say that you do not do something, use no before the verb conjugation: Yo no cocino en la clase de educación física. I do not cook in physical education class.

Sra. Schwarz ASKING QUESTIONS When asking a question in Spanish, we either put the subject after the verb or at the end of the sentence. ¿Cocina Juan en la clase de ciencias? Verb Subject ¿Estudia mucho Paulina? Verb Subject