Introducción a OSHA 29 CFR 1910 General Industry Standard

Presentación del tema: "Introducción a OSHA 29 CFR 1910 General Industry Standard"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Introducción a OSHA 29 CFR 1910 General Industry Standard
This material was translated under Susan B. Harwood grant number 46F1-HT18 awarded to the Texas Engineering Extension Service, OSHA Training Institute Southwest Education Center from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Este material fue traducido bajo número 46F1-HT18 de la concesión de Susan B. Harwood concedido a Texas Engineering Extension Service, OSHA Training Institute Southwest Education Center del Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. No refleja necesariamente las vistas o las políticas del U.S. Department of Labor, ni menciona los nombres comerciales, productos comerciales, o las organizaciones implican el endoso por el gobierno de Estados Unidos. This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour Construction Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor. 29 CFR 1910 General Industry Standard

2 Programas de Salud y Seguridad
This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour General Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor. 29 CFR 1910 Norma General para la Industria

3 Beneficios de los programas efectivos de Salud y Seguridad
Reducen las lesiones y enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo Elevan la moral y la productividad Reducen los costos de compensación para los trabajadores Safety and health programs are recommended for all general industry businesses, but, at this point, are voluntary. Accidents are more expensive than most people realize because of the hidden costs. Some costs are obvious — for example, Workers’ Compensation claims which cover medical costs and indemnity payments for an injured or ill worker. These are the direct costs of accidents. But what about the costs to train and compensate a replacement worker, repair damaged property, investigate the accident and implement corrective action, and to maintain insurance coverage? Then there are the costs related to schedule delays, added administrative time, lower morale, increased absenteeism, and poorer customer relations. These are the indirect costs of accidents.

4 Elementos principales
Un programa de salud y seguridad ocupacional efectivo incluye los siguientes cuatro elementos: Compromiso de la administración y participación de los empleados Análisis del área de trabajo Control y prevención de peligros Capacitación en salud y seguridad The best Safety and Health Programs involve every level of the organization, instilling a safety culture that reduces accidents for workers and improves the bottom line for managers. What are the common characteristics of a safety and health culture? Management believes that safety and health on the job is as important a company goal as other organizational objectives, such as cost control, quality, and productivity. Individuals within the organization believe they have a right to a safe and healthy workplace. - Each person accepts personal responsibility for ensuring his or her own safety and health. - Everyone believes he or she has a duty to protect the safety and health of others.

5 Compromiso de la administración y participación de los empleados
Estos son elementos complementarios: El compromiso de la administración provee de motivación y recursos La participación de los empleados permite a los trabajadores desarrollar y expresar su compromiso con la salud y la seguridad Management must be committed to safety and health protection as much as other organizational purposes. Management leadership and employee involvement are tied together because one is not effective without the other. A plant manager can be totally committed, but if employees follow blindly or are not involved, problems will only temporarily be solved.

6 Política y Objetivos Establecer claramente una política de seguridad y salud en el área de trabajo Establecer y comunicar metas y objetivos claros para el programa de salud y seguridad Involucrar a las personas más importantes de la administración en la implementación del programa

7 Participación de los empleados
Estimular a los empleados a participar en el programa y en las decisiones que afectan su seguridad y su salud Comunicar responsabilidad en todos los aspectos del programa Employees must commit to safety and health protection for themselves and fellow workers. Examples: inspection or hazard analysis teams; developing or revising safe work rules; training new hires or co-workers; assisting in accident investigations.

8 Responsabilidad Los grupos responsables del programa de seguridad y salud deben poseer autoridad y recursos Los administradores, supervisores y empleados deben ser responsables de cumplir con sus obligaciones Las operaciones del programa deben ser revisadas por lo menos una vez al año, para evaluar, identificar deficiencias y revisar, como sea necesario

9 Análisis del área de trabajo
Examinar el área de trabajo e identificar: Peligros existentes Condiciones y operaciones en las cuales se podrían producir cambios que produjeran riesgos La administración debe analizar activamente el trabajo y el área de trabajo para anticipar y prevenir incidentes dañinos Management must provide the resources and authority so all personnel can find the hazards in the worksite and, once found, eliminate or control those hazards.

10 Estudio extenso Conducir un extenso estudio básico sobre seguridad y salud Análisis de riesgos en el trabajo Dónde conseguir ayuda: Programa de Consulta de OSHA Compañías de Seguros Consultores Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) This involves studying and recording each step of a job, identifying existing or potential job hazards and determining the best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate hazards. Jobs that were initially designed to be safe may change over time so they have hazards or require unsafe operations. Job safety analysis should form a base for the comprehensive survey. It includes analyzing planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment. -- See Publication #3071, Job Hazard Analysis OSHA’ s Consultation Service For small businesses, OSHA-funded, state-run consultation services can conduct a comprehensive survey at no cost. Many workers’ compensation carriers and other insurance companies offer expert services to help their clients evaluate safety and health hazards. Larger businesses may find the needed expertise at the company or corporate level. -- See for more information Industrial hygiene survey: at a minimum, all chemicals and hazardous materials in the plant should be inventoried, the hazard communication program should be reviewed, and air samples analyzed. For many industries, a survey of noise levels, a review of the respirator program, and a review of ergonomic risk factors are needed.

11 Inspecciones de seguridad y salud
Llevar a cabo inspecciones periódicas (generalmente, semanales) Establecer procedimientos diarios de inspección del área de trabajo Desarrollar y utilizar una lista de control Proporcionar un medio confiable a los empleados, sin temor a represalias, de notificar a la administración sobre condiciones aparentemente peligrosas y recibir respuestas apropiadas dentro de un tiempo razonable Routine site safety and health inspections are designed to catch hazards missed at other stages. This type of inspection should be done at regular intervals, generally on a weekly basis. In addition, procedures should be established that provide a daily inspection of the work area. You can use a checklist already developed or make your own, based on: - Past problems - Standards that apply to your industry - Input from everyone involved - Your company's safety practices or rules Important things to remember about inspections are: - Inspections should cover every part of the worksite - They should be done at regular intervals - In-house inspectors should be trained to recognize and control hazards - Identified hazards should be tracked to correction Information from inspections should be used to improve the hazard prevention and control program.

12 Análisis adicional del área de trabajo
Investigar accidentes y “casi-accidentes” para que sean identificadas sus causas y la forma de prevenirlos Analizar tendencias en las lesiones y enfermedades, para que los motivos de daños más comunes sean identificados y prevenidos Six key questions should be answered in the accident investigation and report: who, what, when, where, why, and how. Thorough interviews with all involved are necessary. The primary purpose of the investigation is to prevent future occurrences. Therefore, the results of the investigation should be used to initiate corrective action. Review of the OSHA injury and illness forms is the most common form of pattern analysis, but other records of hazards can be analyzed for patterns. Examples are inspection records, workers’ compensation claims, and employee hazard reporting records.

13 Prevención y control de riesgos
Comenzar con la identificación de que existe un peligro o la posibilidad de un peligro Cuando sea posible, prevenir los peligros con un diseño efectivo del trabajo o área de trabajo Si el peligro no puede ser eliminado, utilizar elementos de control del mismo Eliminar o controlar los riesgos rápidamente OSHA Safety & Health Management Systems eCat This eCAT (electronic Compliance Assistance Tool) will help you review and evaluate key aspects of your Safety and Health Program, if you have one. If you do not have one, it could help you think about elements of a good program. It is straightforward and very easy to use. OSHA invites you to try out this tool, and welcomes your comments and suggestions.

14 Control de los Peligros
Para prevenir y controlar los peligros: Controles de Ingeniería Controles Administrativos Equipo de Protección Personal Prácticas de trabajo seguro, comunicándolas por entrenamientos y a través de refuerzos positivos, corrección del desempeño sin seguridad, y exigiendo el cumplimiento Engineering controls Where feasible and appropriate, the first and best strategy is to control the hazard at its source. Engineering controls do this, unlike other controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. The basic concept is that the work environment and the job itself should be designed to eliminate hazards or reduce exposure to hazards. Administrative Controls Includes exercise breaks and rotation of workers. These types of controls are normally used in conjunction with other controls. Personal Protective Equipment PPE is a supplementary method of control via clothing or equipment when hazard exposure cannot be engineered completely out, and when other forms of control cannot provide sufficient additional protection. Remember, PPE is the last level of control! Safe Work Practices Include your company’s general workplace rules and other operation-specific rules. For example, even when a hazard is enclosed, exposure can occur when maintenance is necessary.

15 Planificación de prevención de riesgos
Mantenimiento del establecimiento y el equipo Planificación de emergencias Entrenamiento y simulacros, según sean necesarios Programa médico Primeros Auxilios en el lugar Médico y atención de emergencia cerca del establecimiento

16 Instrucción en salud y seguridad
Tener en cuenta las responsabilidades de salud y seguridad de todo el personal Incorporarlas en los entrenamientos y en las prácticas y desempeño del trabajo Training is the backbone of this system. For management to lead, for personnel to analyze the worksite for hazards, and for hazards to be eliminated or controlled, everyone involved must be trained. The scope of the training depends on the size and complexity of the worksite and the hazards involved. Who Needs Training? - Target new hires, contract workers, employees who wear PPE and workers in high risk areas. Managers and supervisors should also be included in the training plan. - Manager training should emphasize their important role in visibly supporting the safety and health program and setting a good example. - Supervisor training should cover company policies and procedures, hazard detection and control, accident investigation, handling of emergencies, and how to train and reinforce training. - Long-term workers who have job changes as a result of new processes or materials. - The entire workforce needs periodic refresher training in responding to emergencies.

17 Orientación sobre salud y seguridad
Los empleados deben entender los peligros a los que pueden estar expuestos y cómo prevenir que dicha exposición resulte en daños para ellos o para otras personas Se debe dar un entrenamiento de orientación a los trabajadores contratados y a los de la planta

18 Responsabilidades del supervisor
Analizar el trabajo para identificar riesgos potenciales en el área de su responsabilidad Mantener protecciones físicas en el área de trabajo Reforzar el entrenamiento de los empleados a través de conversaciones sobre su desempeño y, si es necesario, reforzarles las prácticas de trabajo seguras Managers must understand their safety and health responsibilities, as described under the Management Commitment and Employee Involvement element of the guidelines.

19 Necesidad de un Entrenamiento Específico
Reconocimiento de riesgos Entrenamiento en las normas requeridas Respuesta en caso de emergencia Investigación de accidentes Simulacro de emergencias

20 Programas efectivos de salud y seguridad laboral :
Resumen Programas efectivos de salud y seguridad laboral : Reducen las lesiones y enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo Elevan la moral y la productividad Reducen los costos de compensación para los trabajadores Incluyen los siguientes cuatro elementos: Compromiso de la administración y participación de los empleados Análisis del área de trabajo Control y prevención de los peligros Capacitación en salud y seguridad For more information: - See OSHA's Voluntary Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines. Federal Register (1989, January 26), (54 FR 3904). It is available at the OSHA technical link for Safety and Health Programs at