Infraestructura de Cableado de Cobre y Fibra Óptica

Presentación del tema: "Infraestructura de Cableado de Cobre y Fibra Óptica"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Infraestructura de Cableado de Cobre y Fibra Óptica
Estándares Procedimientos de Medida en Cobre y Fibra Solución de Problemas Documentación Presentado por Nicolás Bravo de Medina Responsable de Producto

2 Breve historia de Fluke Networks
2002/3 Introducción a las herramientas de análisis de redes inalámbricas, OptiView WNA y WaveRunner 2000 Presentación de OptiView, el primer analizador de redes Ethernet 10/100/Gigabit 2000 Fluke y Fluke Networks se convierten en dos empresas independientes 1995 Presentación de DSP-100, el primer certificador de cableado digital 1993 La empresa se introduce en el ámbito de la comprobación de redes con LANMeter, el primer analizador portátil de redes 2002/3, la versión internacional apareció este año, en EE.UU. el año pasado. 1988 Presentación del modelo 5700, el calibrador más famoso del mundo 1969 Presentación del primer comprobador de redes digital del mundo 1948 Fundación de la empresa Fluke

3 Infraestructura de Cableado Redes LAN/Campus
Cliente Final Cableado UTP/STP Cat 5E/6 Cableado de Fibra Óptica ¿Cómo saber si la red esta bien? ¿Cómo saber que la red está en las mejores condiciones?

4 Infraestructura de Cableado Redes LAN/Campus
Cableado de Fibra Instalación Conectorización Certificación (Nivel 1) Certificación y Gráfica OTDR (Nivel 2) Generación de Informes Cableado de Cobre Instalación Conectorización Certificación Generación de Informes ¿Cómo Optimizar el tiempo? ¿Como ahorrar Costes? Instalador / Integrador

5 Empresa de Mantenimiento
Infraestructura. Cobre y Fibra DOCUMENTACIÓN Instalador Contratista Empresa de Mantenimiento Cliente Usuario Final

6 Organismos de Normalización
ISO/IEC 11801:2002 IT Generic Cabling for Customer Premises ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard EN50173:2002 Performance Requirements Of Generic Cabling Systems ISO/IEC 11801:2002 International standard for generic cabling. Often quoted by manufacturers offering 15 year warranties to Class F - 600MHz. Cable testing is only defined to Class E 250 MHz/ EN50173 :2002 Considered as the European version of ISO/IEC It Includes issues specific to Europe such as safety and EMC. ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Series The series comes in three parts: ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.1 -Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B Ohm Twisted Pair Cabling Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-B.3 - Optical Fiber Standards These standards incorporate and refine the technical content of: TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72 TIA/EIA TSB75 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-1 - Delay & Delay Skew ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-2 - Misc. changes ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-3 - Hybrid and Bundled Cables ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-4 - Patch Cords ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A-5 - Category 5e TIA/EIA/IS-729 – Technical Specifications for 100 Ohm Screened Twisted-Pair Cabling These are the addendums added since the original publication of the now obsolete ANSI/TIA/EIA 568-A in 1995.

7 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B 568-B.1 568-B.2 568-B.3 TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72
Documento principal Especificaciones de diseño Cobre – Componentes Fibra – Componentes 568-B.1 568-B.2 568-B.3 TIA/EIA TSB67 TIA/EIA TSB72 TIA/EIA TSB75 TIA/EIA TSB95 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑1 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑2 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑3 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑4 ANSI/TIA/EIA‑568‑A‑5 TIA/EIA/IS‑729 All the addenda to TIA-568-A have either been incorporated in the “B” revision or they have been obsoleted. Also, note that the “B” revision has been organized in three volumes. Volume 1 deals with the overall design of a cabling distribution system and includes the link level performance specifications for Cat 5e. An addendum 1 will specify the link level performance of Cat 6. The link level specifications in the standards have not changed appreciably over the last 4 to 5 revisions. The component level specification for copper (TIA-568-B.2) have been the primary focus of the standards activities during the most recent 18 months. Aprobada Marzo 2001

8 Cobre. Categoría 6. Interoperabilidad

9 Fibra Óptica. Redes de Alta Velocidad
Según la velocidad es mayor las pérdidas admitidas son menores Cada vez es más crítico que la fibra sea instalada utilizando las mejores prácticas posibles.

10 ? ¿Interoperabilidad en Cat 6/Clase E? ¿Certificación de Latiguillos?
¿Certificación de fibra? ¿Cómo se comprueba la fibra? Herramientas de medida en fibra

11 Cableado Estructurado de Cobre
Interoperabilidad Influencia del Latiguillo Modelos de prueba

12 El Estándar de Cat 6 ha sido aprobado
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 (Addendum 1) aprobado Junio 2002 El último cambio: Ajuste de las especificaciones del harware de conexión en Cat 6 Definición precisa de la metodología de medida de los componentes. Caracterización del Conector RJ45 macho de Cat 6: Especificación de las señales NEXT en amplitud y Fase Fluke Networks ha contribuido activamente en I+D en los estándares Meta: Conseguir la interoperabilidad (así como compatibilidad con categorías anteriores) Note that one of the challenges in developing the standard for component is to device a reliable and repeatable method to measure the component by itself. That has never been a real problem for the cable but it turned out to be a challenge for the plug and for the jack. Once a reliable method has been developed to measure and characterize a component, we can specify in the standard the desired value for each of the parameters for that component. Fluke Networks has actively contributed in the development of laboratory measurement techniques. When all manufacturers adhere to a common specification for plug and a common specification for jacks, the users can select any combination of compliant plug and jacks and the mated performance should meet the specifications for the mated performance specified in the standard. This is a necessary step to achieve an open architecture of interoperability. Of course, to pass the permanent link or channel test, all other elements in the installation must comply with the standards including the expected quality of workmanship.

13 Next Permitido para un conector macho de Cat 6.

14 Rendimiento del NEXT para diferentes combinaciones Macho-Hembra
„Centeredonly a small part of “ Plug occupies the allowed range Cat.6 Plug range per TIA-568B.2-1 Cat.5e A “Compliant” Plug is within the allowed range Class E Jack + Plug Kat.6 Jack + Plug Kat.6 Jack + Plulg cat Mhz) Kat.6 Jack + Plug 100 MHz (Pair 1-3) for 4 Cat.6 Systems The following is courtesy of NEXANS and the best way we had seen so far to visualize the signifigance of different plug properties if used with different systems. If we look at the blue system we see that it is obtimized around the blue plug. With a plug of 38.1 dB it has it’s best performance, which is not what Cat.6 requires for connecting hardware, but if combined with a good cable a CLASS E performanc e for the PL should be no problem. The black system is optimized the black plug, and complies with the Cat.6 connecting hard ware limits of 54dB. Even if I use the blue instead of the black plug Cat.6 performance is acchieved. The red system is very different, it is designed around the red plug one of much lower de-mbedded properties. There it achieves Cat.6 Connecting hardware limits. But if used with the black of blue plug only Cat.5 performance is achieved. The same is true for the black system, if used with the red plug a performance far away from Cat.6 would possible. It now becomes very obviouse why it was essential the the properties of the compliant test plug where defined by TIA in March of These are between 36.4 and 37.6 dB an this graph represented by the yellow plug. If we look at the green system it is one which achieves Cat.6 connecting hard ware limits with any plug in this range. We can say with any compliant plug. In contrast the black system shows Cat. Performance with a high plug within the range but not with one at the low end of 36.4 dB This makes if obvious what it is benefitial to test with a not only compliant but also centered plug which only occupies around 1/3 of the allowed range. Cat.5 Limit 34 35 36 37 38 39 Cortesía: NEXANS

15 Conclusiones El uso de un conector macho “Correcto” es crucial.
Hoy, solo un conector conforme a norma se puede considerar el conector correcto El uso de un conector “conforme” así como un conector “centrado” es beneficioso para la medida

16 Metodo B Usar una solución basada en circuito impreso.
¿Cómo se selecciona un Conector Macho Centrado para ser usado como conector de medida? Metodo A Seleccionar los conectores de entre un gran número de conectores Comprobar si son o no centrados Consume mucho tiempo Sólo unos cuantos serán centrados en todos los pares Metodo B Usar una solución basada en circuito impreso. Todos los pares están centrados Variabilidad prácticamente despreciable While we understand that is very beneficial to used a centered plug we also know that they are hard to get. If the bases is a plug on the end of a short patch cord one which uses Insulation Displacement Contacts (IDC), we probably would have to build quite and also test quite a view until we find one which is centered for all critical pairs which are 36/45 12/36 and 36/78 are centered. This bad yield and time consuming measurement on a NWA makes it also a very expensive excercise. A better alternative is to base the test plug on a printed circuit board with little variation if done properly and also the opportunity to have all pairs centered.

17 Procedimientos de prueba en campo
Modelos de Prueba Importancia del Adaptador del Comprobador Asegura que el enlace está preparado para las aplicaciones

18 * Punto de consolidación (Opcional)
Un “Enlace” instalado HUB o SWITCH CP * Roseta Latiguillo Latiguillo de interconexión Cableado Horizontal Latiguillo Estación de trabajo Sala de IT Patch Panel * Punto de consolidación (Opcional)

19 Comprobación del “CANAL”
CP * TO Latiguillo Latiguillo de interconexión Cableado Horizontal Latiguillo Estación de trabajo Sala de IT Patch Panel * Punto de consolidación (Opcional

20 Comprobación en CANAL Cat 6
El Certificador debe excluir la influencia de los adaptadores y del conector macho de los latiguillos que se inserta en los adaptadores. Todos los DSP de la serie 4000 utilizan técnicas de medida en el dominio del tiempo que incorpora la tecnología de Compensación del Conector y RC2 para asegurar estos ajustes y la máxima precisión y fiabilidad posible. RC2 (remote connector compensation) technology is a proprietary Fluke Networks DSP technique for eliminating Channel measurement crosstalk error due to the reflections that occur in links less than 60 meters in length. This unique technology allows the most accurate channel measurements in the industry! The DSP-4300 is shipped with the RC2 technology already installed. For current DSP-4000 and 4100 owners, simply download the newest version of firmware off the web. This software will add RC2 technology to the existing units and enable them for Cat 6 channel testing utilizing the existing channel heads (no new hardware is necessary.) RC2 = Compensación del Conector Remoto Propietario: Fluke Networks

21 Comprobación del “Enlace Permanente”
Los resultados no incluyen las contribuciones de los cables de los latiguillos de prueba del certificador. CP * Roseta Latiguillo del Certificador Cableado Horizontal The permanent link is defined as the “cabling in the walls”. That portion of the cabling system that you assume will not be modified very often and that stays behind in the building if you decide to move out. More comments are added to the next slide. Latiguillo del Certificador Zona de Trabajo * Punto de consolidación (Opcional)

22 Vista detallada del Enlace Permanente
Porción Permanente del enlace de cableado, no incluye los latiguillos de prueba. No incluye los latiguillos Enlace Permanente Punto de Consolidación (optional) Habitación de Telecomunicaciones PC Patch Panel T O

23 ¿Por qué Enlace Permanente?
Es la parte “Fija” de la instalación de cableado La electrónica de red y los latiguillos se cambian numerosas veces durante la vida de la instalación. Proporciona una garantía que el “Canal” (Enlace Permante + Latiguillos) cumple lor requerimientos de aplicación de la red The reason to emphasize the permanent link model for testing is the fact that the tester patch cable or tester interface cable can and will make an undesirable contribution to the measurement results as we will explain in this presentation. Special precautions in test equipment design and test algorithms must be implemented. Furthermore, the basic idea and major benefit of this test evaluation is that after the “permanent link” meets the specified requirements the user can add “good” patch cords and be guaranteed that the end-to-end link will meet the channel specs. “Good patch cords” means patch cords that pass the category performance specifications as outlined in the TIA Standards. During the lifecycle of a cabling system, patch cords may be changed or exchanged many times while the permanent link belongs to the building “infrastructure”. Changing/updating the infrastructure is a much more expensive operation. The permanent link model in the standards implements the philosophy that the infrastructure must be verified to the appropriate level of performance by itself.

24 Diferencias en las especificaciones de Canal y Enlace Permanente
Los límites de prueba del Enlace Permanente están definidos de tal forma que añadiendo un “buen” latiguillo se alcanzan el rendimiento de “Canal” Efectos de los Latiguillos en el rendimiento del canal: Perdidas de Retorno Atenuación (Max 10m) Next Acoplamiento Conector The word “Difference” in this slides points to the difference in pass/fail limits between the permanent link and the channel and also to the difference in the test model . The permanent link model (PL) measures the link NEXT right at the mated plug/jack. At this point the contribution to the test results by this mated connection is maximum. Anytime a patch cord with any length is added the NEXT contribution from this mated connection is subject to attenuation. Therefore, the PL model is a worst case analysis of the installed link. Furthermore, the PL model establishes tougher performance limits. This worst case analysis provides some very strong assurances. If the link installed from the termination in the telecommunication room (TR) to the telecommunications outlet (TO) in the work area passes the established permanent link test limits, the end-user can add qualified patch cords with the assurance that the channel performance is met. In other words, the channel should not need to be (re)-tested every time the patch cords are exchanged as long as good patch cords are used. It is noteworthy that patch cords exert a very significant influence on the performance of the channel. Indeed good patch cords are of critical importance to the performance of the channel. If the channel meets the requirements, the network communication will be reliable and error free. We will discuss the main sources of variability for the two test parameters that are so affected: NEXT and RL.

25 Variabilidad del NEXT en la conexión
• Con el Conector Hembra del Patch Panel • Con el conector Hembra de la Roseta Fin Comienzo El Conector macho al final del adaptador es la Referencia de Prueba The definition of the permanent link is NOT ideal as far as taking all variability totally out of test results. As already stated, the mated connection at the patch panel and at the telecommunication wall outlet in the work area are included in the permanent link model. The permanent link is bound by these mated connections as indicated in the schematic representation in the slide. The variability in the NEXT measurement is primarily due to the connectors. Modular 8-pin connecting hardware is specified in a mated condition only. Of course there are test procedures for individual components of connecting hardware. The test interface adapter has one specific plug at its end; this plug exhibits properties that uniquely define this adapter. These properties slightly vary from plug to plug and therefore from adapter to adapter. And to some degree, the measured results depend a little on the specific adapter that is used. In fact the measured NEXT results of a link will change when the adapters at the local and remote end of the link are exchanged. This is unavoidable. For NEXT loss, you can theoretically find a difference of 2 dB at the pass/fail limit of a category 5e connector pair. This same characteristic is also exhibited by the patch cords you will use to construct channels. Each patch cord has slightly different NEXT characteristics and the resulting link will show different NEXT values. But this is precisely the reason that the NEXT pass/fail limits for the permanent link are about 2 dB tighter than those for the channel. This difference in performance requirements of the different link models provides the margin that offers the assurance of future channel compliance. That is to say, if the permanent link passes the NEXT tests and later you connect good patch cords to construct a channel, you have a very high degree of confidence that this channel will pass the channel limits and deliver reliable transmission for the network. The NEXT variability we have discussed results primarily from the NEXT variability in the mated connection. El modelo de Enlace Permanente representa el peor de los Casos Posibles de prueba de NEXT

26 Solución: Fluke Networks: Adaptador Modular de Enlace Permanente
Solución robusta de alto rendimiento para la serie DSP-4x00 y OmniScanner Mide de forma extremadamente precisa el rendimiento del cableado de par trenzado instalado. Fluke Network’s has developed a new Permanent Link Adapter for the DSP-4X00 series. While the permanent link test method has been around in Europe for several years, the “old” solution involved utilizing the standard basic link adapter as the permanent link. The tester used a complex mathematical model in an attempt to make this launch cable invisible. However, this model is valid over time only if the cable is stable. Although the “old” screened twisted pair cable has stable attenuation and crosstalk behavior, it still has significant return loss degradation of 3 dB or more over time! Thus, the “invisible” screened twisted pair solution may start out “invisible”, but over time several dB of return loss will creep into the testing headroom. This will result in “False Failures”. Fluke Networks is the first and only manufacturer to introduce a new solution for the permanent link -- a virtually perfect cable! No other test manufacturer can make that statement; they are still using the same old screened twisted pair solution.

27 Solución para medidas de NEXT
Módulos personales removibles Permite optimizar costes Permite controlar el adaptador de forma precisa Fiabilidad

28 PM06 Modulo personal de Cat 6 Centrado para todos los pares
Solución Universal: UTP y ScTP Limitada varibilidad entre PMs Incremento de la repetitividad Proporciona un resultado óptimo con un Conector Hembra que cumpla con norma

29 Diseño revolucionario
Sin cables (menor variabilidad) Clip protegido para evitar rupturas fortuitas

30 PM06: Aprobado por:

31 El Cable del Latiguillo tiene un Gran Impacto en la Pérdida de Retorno
Influencia del latiguillo en la medida: Variabilidad en Perdida de Retorno Variabilidad en el Cable del Latiguillo Al comienzo Al final Fin Enlace Permanente Comienzo Enlace Permanente Variability in the Return Loss measurement is primarily due to the contribution made by the cable in the tester’s interface adapter. The permanent link definition specifically excludes the cable portion of any tester interface adapter. This was easily accomplished for all test parameters but is going to be a special challenge in the measurement of return loss. The cable can indeed have an influence on the NEXT outcome and vice versa the connector can have an influence on the Return Loss measurement but usually these influences are minor. The amount of NEXT loss in a short section of cable relative to the overall NEXT loss that may occur in a link is insignificant. Most tester manufacturers have used very high quality patch cable material to construct the tester interface adapters. Fluke Networks has used the so-called Cat 7 or Pair in Metal Foil (PiMF) cable type for the DSP-4000 Series interface adapters. These cable types generate very little crosstalk. The opposite is true for the return loss performance of twisted pair cable regardless how good the crosstalk performance may be. The return loss effect, particularly in (flexible) patch cable is extremely significant. In fact, bending and twisting the cable connecting your tester to the link under test can easily change a pass condition to a fail condition or vice-versa. If we want to obtain consistency in the measurement results of return Loss new solutions must be explored. We will explain Return Loss in a little more detail in order to explain why twisted pair interface cables will never meet the tough requirements to measure Return Loss with superior accuracy in accordance with the new standards (permanent link model). El Cable del Latiguillo tiene un Gran Impacto en la Pérdida de Retorno Esta variabilidad se elimina con el Adaptador Modular de Enlce Permante

32 El Impredecible efecto de la Perdida de Retorno
Un “Falso” Fallo This slide illustrates the negative effect that Return Loss degradation can have on your ability to pass or fail a cable test. The green line represents a basic link test cable that is relatively new. This cable passes a sample test link with 0.6 dB of headroom. However, as this cable ages and is coiled / uncoiled over time, the return loss characteristics of the twisted pair cable continues to get worse. Eventually, this basic link cable has reached the point where the same cable run that passed before will now fail (as shown by the red curve)! This decay in return loss performance over time will happen with any twisted pair cable … it doesn’t matter whether it is being used in a basic link or a permanent link test configuration! In either case, the twisted pair test cable degrades at least 2 to 3 dB over time, resulting in “false failures” (i.e., a failure that should have been a pass). This failure is truly due to the (undesirable) effect of the twisted pair test cords. The failing outcome does not reflect the state of the link-under-test, but is the result of the measurement method. 0.6 dB PASS 0.4 dB FAIL OR ?

33 Adaptadores Modulares LIA101S de Enlace Permanente
Cumple con la TIA 568-B para sistemas de Cat 3, 5e, 6 Pendiente Patente: Incrementa la precisión de la medida El conector removible permite un uso flexible entre varios tipos diferentes de conectores RJ45 o 110 La calibración en campo incrementa la precisión OmniScanner y DSP son los primeros certificadores en ofrecer un Verdadero Conector Macho Que Cumple con Cat 6. PM06 The Permanent Link Adapter system uses a patent pending precision cable design with a removable plug module assembly that can accommodate customizes versions as required by cabling system vendors. The accuracy level of the DSP-4X00 series Digital Cable Analyzer is improved significantly with the Permanent Link Adapter system as the variances with traditional stranded UTP found in tester connecting cords is no longer a factor.

34 Ventajas del Adaptador Modular de Enlace Permanente
No “Falsos Fallos” debido a la degradación del cable Alta precisión. No falsos “PASAS”. Fiabilidad Cable robusto Sencillez en la Certificación de Cat 6 Reducido número de soluciones propietarias Cumple con el estandar ISO/IEC 11801, EN TIA-568-B.1

35 Certificación de Latiguillos y Comprobación de Bobinas de Cable
¿Cómo podemos saber si los latiguillos cumplen los requerimientos marcados por la normativa?

36 Los Estándares definen la comprobación de latiguillos
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 Párrafo : NEXT NEXT en la conexión del extremo cercano Peor caso de NEXT en la conexión remota compensado para la atenuación del cable Más NEXT del cable del latiguillo Más un provisión por el FEXT reflejado (=0.5 dB) Los límites de NEXT para la comprobación de latiguillos dependen de la distancia Muy similar al último borrador de IEC

37 Latiguillo NEXT: Pérdida de Retorno:
La principal contribución al NEXT es debida al rendimiento de la unión del macho del latiguillo con la hembra del adaptador al final del latiguillo Pequeña contribución del cable Pérdida de Retorno: La principal contribución es debida al cable Pequeña contribución de las conexiones

38 Conectores Hembra Modulares del Adaptador
Medida del NEXT Adaptador del Certificador Unidad Remota Unidad Principal Conectores Hembra Modulares del Adaptador Medida del Next: El Conecto Hembra Modular es la “Referencia” Debe ser seleccionado para cumplir la definición de Categoría 6 a nivel de componente Estos conectores hembra se pueden usar también para certificar latiguillos de Cat 5E

39 Medida de la Pérdida de Retorno
Adaptador del Certificador Unidad Remota Adaptador del Certificador Circuito de Atenuación (5dB) para cada par Unidad principal La Unidad Principal es calibrada en fábrica Para disminuir el efecto de la terminación remota: Circuito atenuador de 5dB en el adaptador remoto

40 Adaptador para Certificación de latiguillos
Descripción de producto: Adaptador Para Certificación de Latiguillos Modelo: DSP-PCI-6S Contiene dos adaptadores (unida principal y remota) Adaptador Principal: DSP-PCI-M6 Adaptador Remoto: DSP-PCI-R6 Un CD-ROM Manual para el Adaptador de Certificación de Latiguillos y el Adaptador para comprobar bobinas Base de datos de prueba para descargar en la familia DSP-4X00 Hoja de datos

41 Adaptador para Verificación de bobinas: DSP-SPOOL
Verifca la calidad del cable antes de instalarlo o procesarlo Soporta tanto cableado solido como multifilar usado para construir latiguillos.

42 Opciones de Prueba Se debe descargar en el DSP la versión de estándares: 5.13C Inspeccionar el cable en la bobina Estándar de prueba “TIA Cat x Cable 300mSpool” or “TIA Cat x PCable 300mSpool” Comprueba un cable de 100 m contra la normativa de la industria (TIA/EIA-568-B.2 y Addendum 1) sin necesidad de conectorizar Comprueba todos los parámetros del enlace Seleccionar: “TIA Catx Cable 100m” or “TIA Catx Pcable 100m”

43 Resultados de Certificación Posibles
Resultados Individuales de la Prueba Resultado del Informe Todos las pruebas Pasan PASA Una o más parámetros pasan marginalmente* y el resto Pasan PASA* Uno o más parámetros fallan marginalmente* Todos los demás parámetros Pasan FALLA* Uno o más parámetros fallan FALLA The key point is the reporting of marginal measurements with an asterisk! If a measurement is closer to the pass/fail limit of the tester than the +/- tolerance of the tester it must be reported as such per TIA specifications. Many cabling manufacturers will not allow *pass measurements as a condition of their extended warranty programs. Some tester manufacturers (not FLUKE!) allow the operator of the tester to turn this feature off. Rhetorically ask the class why do you think they allow that? * Resultado Marginal

44 Condiciones de PASA/FALLA Marginal
Las condición Pasa/Falla Marginal ocurre cuando Los datos de la medida están muy cerca de los límites Pasa/Falla. Debido a la precisión del equipo de medida, la zona marginal puede variar. Category 5e and in particular category 6 components do not enjoy the same margin found in category 5 components. This is not a poor reflection on the component manufacturers. Category 5e and in particular category 6 specify a much higher level of performance and are extremely difficult to meet. What this means is that from time to time you can expect a small percentage of marginal passes for category 5e installations and a larger percentage of marginal passes for category 6. The percentage depends on a number of factors including performance levels of individual components (cable or connecting hardware), installation practices, and the quality of the test lead. The high performance level and the resulting confusion around marginal passes also applies to Class D and E installations. In 1995 when field-testing for category 5 really started, many of the components were so good that they were some 4 years ahead of their time. They unwittingly already met the future specification of category 5e agreed in Since the components met category 5e requirements, but users were only testing to category 5, marginal passes were rarely seen. There was plenty or margin to ‘play about with’. Many manufacturers who offered a warranted category 5 system actually refused to accept results with marginal passes. As the screen shots above show, there is a reduction is the margin the installer has to play with for category 5e. Anything less than perfect installation practices are more likely to show up now. It is therefore inevitable, that in the real world, some results will be marginal. Standards dictate that any marginal passes are considered the same as a pass and therefore compliant. Question Other testers allow you to disable the ‘*’ – why do you think that is?

45 Informe de Pruebas PASA - PASA* - FALLA* - FALLA
“La normativa OBLIGA a no poder deshabilitar el asterísco (“*”) de los informes de prueba” Aquellos certificadores cuyo software de PC para certificar permita deshabilitar el “*” deben considerarse NO FIABLES ya que el usuario no podrá saber de forma sencilla si un enlace tiene un pasa aceptable o marginal. Como consecuencia, sólo los certificadores cuyo software para PC no permita deshabilitar el “*” deben considerarse válidos. Esta debe ser una Obligación de las ingeniería para proteger a los Usuarios Finales. Category 5e and in particular category 6 components do not enjoy the same margin found in category 5 components. This is not a poor reflection on the component manufacturers. Category 5e and in particular category 6 specify a much higher level of performance and are extremely difficult to meet. What this means is that from time to time you can expect a small percentage of marginal passes for category 5e installations and a larger percentage of marginal passes for category 6. The percentage depends on a number of factors including performance levels of individual components (cable or connecting hardware), installation practices, and the quality of the test lead. The high performance level and the resulting confusion around marginal passes also applies to Class D and E installations. In 1995 when field-testing for category 5 really started, many of the components were so good that they were some 4 years ahead of their time. They unwittingly already met the future specification of category 5e agreed in Since the components met category 5e requirements, but users were only testing to category 5, marginal passes were rarely seen. There was plenty or margin to ‘play about with’. Many manufacturers who offered a warranted category 5 system actually refused to accept results with marginal passes. As the screen shots above show, there is a reduction is the margin the installer has to play with for category 5e. Anything less than perfect installation practices are more likely to show up now. It is therefore inevitable, that in the real world, some results will be marginal. Standards dictate that any marginal passes are considered the same as a pass and therefore compliant. Question Other testers allow you to disable the ‘*’ – why do you think that is?

46 Ejercicios Prácticos Certificación Now the fun begins!
This section covers: Performing a self calibration Selecting a category 5E test Running and passing the test Viewing test results Saving the test Test Results Management (Memory Card, Cable Manager)

47 Verificación del equipo de pruebas
Antes de salir Cargue y verifique los niveles de las baterías. Revise la configuración del equipo. Aseguresé de que tiene los adaptadores y accesorios necesarios. Inspeccione los adaptadores de prueba. Lleve tarjetas de memoria de repuesto. Trabajo de Mantenimiento Actualice el firmware de sus equipos periodicamente. Ejecute la autocalibración una vez por mes Calibre los adaptadores modulares de enlace permanente. (Opcional para una mejor precisión – una vez cada 6 meses) Envíe el equipo a calibrar (una vez al año) Visite para conocer las últimas revisiones de firmware y del LinkWare.

48 Seleccione el estándar de prueba
Gire mando rotatorio a SETUP Seleccione modelo de prueba y categoría 1 At this point have them configure the tester: Highlight Test Standard, Cable Type and press CHOICE or ENTER. Highlight TIA Cat 5e Permanent Link (will need to use the permanent link adapters) and press ENTER. Highlight 100 Ohm UTP and press ENTER. 2 Tan fácil como 1-2-3 3

49 Opciones importantes (Usuarios DSP)
Pasas Marginales Con esta característica “Activada” se habilita el análisis HDTDX si hay algún Falla/Pasa marginal Press Button five times to go to Page 6 This will NOT disable the marginal reporting, standards do not permit that. It will run the automated diagnostics on a marginal pass.

50 el enlace no pasa? ¿Qué ocurre si ...
What happens when you fail a certification test? This section covers: The importance of diagnostics Digital test technology advantages Using the Fault Info button to see problems after failing a test How to interpret HDTDX and HDTDR graphs

51 Causas de fallos en la Certificación
Cables rotos (abiertos) Cortos Pares divididos Destrenzado excesivo (13mm max. para Cat 5e) Cables dañados Componentes no cumplen la categoría que se está comprobando El rendimiento del cable está por debajo de la categoría que se está comprobando. Los cables de prueba no cumplen con la categoría que se está comprobando Configuración incorrecta del Certificador You can expect faults such as Broken wires during the best of installations. This can occur when punching down the cable onto the IDC contact. You should not be finding these faults at the time of certification, you should be wire mapping at the time of installation. Delays in repairing faults and time of certification could cause you to run into time penalties. It is also easier to fix faults when the floor is up, the faceplates removed and the patch panel detached from the frame. Use a wiremapper such as the Microscanner Pro or 620 LANCableMeter first. These testers will tell you the distance to the broken wire.

52 OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL TIEMPO
Diagnóstico de Fallos Pares Divididos, Cortados, Abiertos, Cruzados, Invertidos y medida de la distancia al fallo (TDR) HDTDR: Localización de fallos de Pérdidas de Retorno HDTDX: Localización de fallos de NEXT Diagnóstico Avanzado: Interpretación de los resultados

53 Funciones de Diagnóstico de Fallos
Fallos de Continuidad Función TDR Make this section interactive. Have the class respond with the fault! Yellow Cable - Open on Pin 4 Ask the class if they noticed something different about the test (it stopped without conducting a full test ... there’s no sense in measuring all the parameters if you have an open!) The tester will show the distance to the fault. If time allows, have the class swap the placement of the plugs to the opposite receptacles and watch the open move 6 to 7 feet. The DSP measures distance by counting time in nanoseconds! (+/- 1 nanosecond accuracy). An electron moves approximately 8” per nanosecond in a copper cable. Para saber la distancia al fallo se utiliza la técnica TDR. Los comprobadores avanzados de cableado como el MicroScanner (MT ) pueden localizar la distancia al abierto o al corto, no es necesario un Certificador.

54 Fallos de Pérdida de Retorno
Funciones de Diagnóstico de Fallos Fallos de Pérdida de Retorno Función: HDTDR Este tipo de función no está disponible en la mayoría de Certificadores FALLO RL Blue Cable - Multiple Failures: NEXT, Return Loss NOTE: It is critical that the students separate the wires as shown to get a return loss failure in addition to crosstalk. If the wires are too close to one another, you will get a wire map failure (switched pair diagnostics based upon excessive crosstalk measurement). The goal of this exercise is to get a Return Loss failure and demonstrate how to read the HDTDR graph. Since the tester reports failures in alphabetical order, the first typical failure will be NEXT. After pressing the Fault Info button, the student will be able to press F4 and page through various failures. Towards the end of the list, the student will reach Return Loss Failure. This is the failure we wish to further analyze. Review the HDTDR plot and point out the following (left to right): A typical connector reflection. The small positive pulse followed with an equal and opposite negative pulse shows the transition at the connection point. Excessive reflections halfway through the cable due to impedance variation caused by the separated wires. Another typical connector reflection. A large spike designating the end of the cable (normal behavior) La Familia DSP-4000 y OmniScanner disponen de un diagnóstico avanzado para detectar la distancia al fallo en Pérdidas de Retorno

55 Fallos de Diafonía: NEXT, ELFEXT, …
Funciones de Diagnóstico de Fallos Fallos de Diafonía: NEXT, ELFEXT, … Función: HDTDX FALLO NEXT Normalmente No es posible analizar fallos de NEXT: La serie DSP-4x00 y OmniScanner pueden hacerlo In addition to telling the technician that a link fails because the “worst case” NEXT value exceeds the limit at some frequency, the DSP-4X00 also reports the distance to the location where the crosstalk failure is occurring. An example is shown in the figure. In the example pictured above, a 20 foot section of CAT 3 grade network cable has inadvertently been installed in the middle of this network link. This link may work at a data rate of 10 Mbps, but when the user upgrades to 100 Mbps Ethernet components, the link would fail and no one would be able to identify why. If during the cable installation, a DSP-4X00 was used to certify the link, the NEXT test would fail, alerting the technician to the problem. More importantly, the DSP-4X00 would display the above graph after running the TDX Analyzer test. This would indicate to the technician the location of the failure so that the problem could quickly be corrected. Another example would be if a CAT 3 connector was installed instead of a CAT 5 connector. The technician would obtain a similar graph as the one above, except that the NEXT limit would only be exceeded for a short distance. The graph would produce a spike at the location of the CAT 3 connector so that the technician could go the very spot where the connector is and replace it.

56 Tecnología Digital. Si la prueba falla pulse Fault Info
DIAGNÓSTICO EXPERTO DE FALLOS: FAULT INFO Tecnología Digital. Interpretación automática con FAULT INFO Analizador X-Talk para NEXT de alta Definición Si la prueba falla pulse Fault Info In addition to telling the technician that a link fails because the “worst case” NEXT value exceeds the limit at some frequency, the DSP-4X00 also reports the distance to the location where the crosstalk failure is occurring. An example is shown in the figure. In the example pictured above, a 20 foot section of CAT 3 grade network cable has inadvertently been installed in the middle of this network link. This link may work at a data rate of 10 Mbps, but when the user upgrades to 100 Mbps Ethernet components, the link would fail and no one would be able to identify why. If during the cable installation, a DSP-4X00 was used to certify the link, the NEXT test would fail, alerting the technician to the problem. More importantly, the DSP-4X00 would display the above graph after running the TDX Analyzer test. This would indicate to the technician the location of the failure so that the problem could quickly be corrected. Another example would be if a CAT 3 connector was installed instead of a CAT 5 connector. The technician would obtain a similar graph as the one above, except that the NEXT limit would only be exceeded for a short distance. The graph would produce a spike at the location of the CAT 3 connector so that the technician could go the very spot where the connector is and replace it. Encuentre el fallo y después analice el resultado

57 LinkWare. Software de Gestión de las certificaciones para PC
El nuevo Estándar para la Documentación de los Informes de Certificación DSP-4X00 Series YOU CAN CREATE AND DOWNLOAD CABLE ID’s TO THE DSP-4300!! Create files within LinkWare containing desired Cable Ids: Improved alpha-numeric capability (ex. 1A through 10D) Up to 253 Cable IDs per file Up to 8 files per Multimedia Card ID files reside on the Multimedia Memory Card The re-certify feature within LinkWare allows the user to take existing graphical tests (i.e., tests with plot data) and re-certify that data against a new test standard. If desired, this feature gives the owner the ability to qualify his previous test results against the final version of Cat 6. And remember, the DSP-4100 and 4300 can save graphical tests to 350 MHz, regardless of the test chosen. Contractors and owners can eliminate printing reports on paper by simply “printing” reports to a PDF file. This can be done in LinkWare with the click of one button up on the main toolbar. Save paper and money! For additional information on LinkWare, refer to the DSP-4300 introduction CD and open the PDF containing the LinkWare user manual (or download the manual from the web). OMNIScanner series

58 This slide shows a screen capture of the LinkWare main screen plus a NEXT plot in the lower right corner. Items to note: “Save to PDF” button is the 4th button from the left on the tool bar. You can sort data by clicking on any category at the top of the table. A graphical test report is noted with a graph picture in the info column.

59 Gestión automática, eficaz y sencilla de los informes de Certificación -- impresión de Informes
LinkWare soporta varias alternativas para proporcionar la máxima información al cliente. Software supports several Informes Gráficos Informes de Texto Informe de Sumarios sobre los enlaces comprobados e información relevante. Los informes pueden ser impresos en Papel, PDF. Linkware permite el envío en formato *.flw para evitar manipulaciones interesadas de los datos. Printed Reports LinkWare Software supports several alternatives to provide test results information to your customer: (1) a graphical report with color graphs depicting all of the measured test parameters over the full DSP-4300 frequency range from 1 through 350 MHz; (2) a text format of the numeric summary of the test report (worst case and worst value data points); and (3) a summary report that provides a list of the cabling links tested with a few key information elements. Graphical Reports (shown above) A color graphic report can be viewed on the computer screen or printed by the DSP-CMS software if the complete set of test data points was stored on the memory card in the DSP-4300 during the tests. A sample graphic report has been reproduced on the slide above. The new version of DSP-CMS lets you import and print a bitmap representation of your company logo.

60 Sugerencias en la documentación
Organización Almacene siempre que pueda los resultados en el PC. No almacene más de Dos Jornadas de Trabajo en el Equipo/O tarjeta de memoria Haga dos copias de los datos Imprima los resultados en Papel o PDF No borre los resultados de las tarjetas de memoria hasta que se haya asegurado de tener dos copias en PC/CD o papel. Get organized!!  

61 Certificadores serie DSP- 4X00
Resumen

62 Robustez Inigualable Diseñado para el trabajo en campo y las duras condiciones diarias Protector de goma integrado en la carcasa para soportar caidas con la máxima garantía Display Protegido Asegura más tiempo de pruebas y menos tiempo esperando a que se repare en el servicio técnico Don’t be afraid to show off the ruggedness of the the DSP-4000 series cable testers … drop the tester on the desk! Only Fluke has the experience to design the most rugged cable tester in the industry.

63 Fácil de Usar 3 pasos sencillos 1. Mando Rotatorio en Autotest
2. Pulsar [TEST] 3. Pulsar [Save] Fácil selección de estándares Si el enlace falla, simplemente pulse [FAULT INFO] Dedique el mínimo tiempo posible al aprendizaje y el máximo tiempo comprobando This has been demonstrated already!

64 Unica solución de Enlace Permanente Modular
Más pasas! Diseño pendiente de patente usando cable de precisión Conector Modular Removible PM06. Conector Centrado aprobado por más de 26 fabricantes de cableado para CAT 6 Mayor Precisión The Permanent Link Adapter system uses a patent pending precision cable design with a removable plug module assembly that can accommodate customized versions as required by cabling system vendors. The accuracy level of the DSP 4000 series Digital Cable Analyzer is improved significantly with the Permanent Link Adapter system as the variances with traditional stranded UTP found in tester connecting cords is no longer a factor. Only the DSP 4000 series can meet stringent TIA tester accuracy specifications when measured from the end of the Permanent Link Adapter. All the other competitors can only meet these specifications at the high quality interconnect (where the adapter connects to the unit) due to the degradation of their permanent link solution over time. Fluke Networks gives you a unique system solution, resulting in the most accurate test measurements possible.

65 Diagnóstico superior con la tecnología digital DSP
Fault Info The tester decides which additional data to analyze to assist in coming up with the most appropriate diagnostics: Automatically diagnoses cabling faults and graphically displays the cabling link and the location of the defect. Intelligent recommendation on how to fix problem. One button push for more detailed HDTDR or HDTDX plots or both!

66 DSP- 4X00 Series Cable Analyzer
Product Overview Review with the class the basic components and operation of the DSP-4300.

67 Guía de selección Certificadores
DSP Notes for the Selection Guide: The “Standard DSP Package” includes the main and remote DSP units, DSP calibration module, rechargeable NiMH battery packs, AC adapters/chargers, LinkWare software, talk sets, RS-232 serial cable, 8-pin modular to BNC adapter, instrument carrying straps, rugged soft sided storage bag, users Information CD-ROM, users Getting Started Guide, warranty registration card. The DSP-4100 is being phased out of production on 12/31/01. The DSP-4300 is the direct replacement for this unit. The DSP-4000PL is simply the DSP-4000 kit with permanent link adapters (DSP-LIA101S) instead of the Cat 5E basic link adapters (DSP-LIA011). OMNI

68 FIBRA ÓPTICA