Tripulación Técnica Factores Humanos RIPP 4.1 FCHF.

Presentación del tema: "Tripulación Técnica Factores Humanos RIPP 4.1 FCHF."— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Tripulación Técnica Factores Humanos RIPP 4.1 FCHF

2 Retos que afrontan las Tripulaciones
FAA-IATA RIPP Retos que afrontan las Tripulaciones & Controladores de ATC Operaciones de rodaje son potencialmente difíciles La carga de trabajo ha aumentado Volumen de tráfico Aéreo aumenta año a año Retos que afrontan las Tripulaciones & Controladores de ATC RIPP 4.1 FCHF

3 Retos que afrontan las Tripulaciones
FAA-IATA RIPP Retos que afrontan las Tripulaciones & Controladores de ATC Sistema de Tráfico Aéreo es mas complejo Diseños y distribución de AEROPUERTOS es mas complicado Mejoras Tecnológicas no se han mantenido con las demandas RIPP 4.1 FCHF

4 FACTORES HUMANOS

5 DESORIENTACION Aun en campos que estas familiarizado
Usa el diagrama del Aeropuerto… Aun en campos que estas familiarizado Decoding all of the information surrounding a pilot is a complex skill that requires training and then maintaining through practice. Although pilots may travel to many different locations, if airport signage and marking are all in compliance, a pilot on an unfamiliar field should have adequate cues to assist him in conducting a safe surface operation. But even on a simple airfield, an airport diagram can be a life saver. FLIGHT PLANNING When you were preparing for a flight check and you wanted to impress the Examiner, your flight planning concerning airports (departure and destination) was probably thorough—even exceptional. The same should continue. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

6 DESORIENTACION Ten el diagrama disponible: Durante el prevuelo
Durante el rodaje Antes de tu descenso final Decoding all of the information surrounding a pilot is a complex skill that requires training and then maintaining through practice. Although pilots may travel to many different locations, if airport signage and marking are all in compliance, a pilot on an unfamiliar field should have adequate cues to assist him in conducting a safe surface operation. But even on a simple airfield, an airport diagram can be a life saver. FLIGHT PLANNING When you were preparing for a flight check and you wanted to impress the Examiner, your flight planning concerning airports (departure and destination) was probably thorough—even exceptional. The same should continue. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

7 PREGUNTA !!! DESORIENTACION Si no estas seguro de Donde estas
Como voy… Que hago después PREGUNTA !!! Decoding all of the information surrounding a pilot is a complex skill that requires training and then maintaining through practice. Although pilots may travel to many different locations, if airport signage and marking are all in compliance, a pilot on an unfamiliar field should have adequate cues to assist him in conducting a safe surface operation. But even on a simple airfield, an airport diagram can be a life saver. FLIGHT PLANNING When you were preparing for a flight check and you wanted to impress the Examiner, your flight planning concerning airports (departure and destination) was probably thorough—even exceptional. The same should continue. Instrucciones de rodaje PROGRESIVO Que Pregunto ? RIPP 4.1 FCHF

8 DESORIENTACION PERDIENDO Tu lugar
Numerosos pasos en una secuencia de acciones Una tarea automática bien practicada Una interrupción no planificada El escenario esta preparado: La salida prematura de un paso o procedimiento previo Creer que habías hecho algo y lo omitiste Decoding all of the information surrounding a pilot is a complex skill that requires training and then maintaining through practice. Although pilots may travel to many different locations, if airport signage and marking are all in compliance, a pilot on an unfamiliar field should have adequate cues to assist him in conducting a safe surface operation. But even on a simple airfield, an airport diagram can be a life saver. FLIGHT PLANNING When you were preparing for a flight check and you wanted to impress the Examiner, your flight planning concerning airports (departure and destination) was probably thorough—even exceptional. The same should continue. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

9 DESORIENTACION ESPACIAL
Movimiento de ojos, cabeza y aeronave crean situaciones que el cerebro no puede reconciliar Def’n:SPATIAL DISORIENTATION-an erroneous sense of one’s position and motion relative to the plane of the earth’s surface LINEAR VECTION ILLUSION-nearly everyone who drives an auto has experienced this. We are stopped at a red light and a large, presumable stationary vehicle in the adjacent lane creeps forward when we experience the compelling illusion that our own car is creeping backward. This prompts a swift but suprisingly ineffectual stomp on the brakes. --Tractor wheels story --SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION-a visual/extra-visual disorientation that can only be interrupted by the existence of a non-confusing sign and our overriding voluntary analytical judgment of the brain. -acft in a turn -head turning -eye movement -numerous lights causing flickers in the eye (like the passing of a train at a RR crossing) --G FORCES-rapidly changing gravitational forces on a pilot during takeoff, the jarring forces of a landing, rapid deceleraton immediately after landing, high speed turns off the R/W 3 TYPES OF S.D. Unrecognized-no suspicion that anything is wrong 2)Recognized- 3)Incapacitating-freeze at the controls due to fear or confusion VISUAL DOMINANCE-the Figure Skater’s secret. The dizziness and disorientation that normally results from a skaters rapid decelerations and rapid spins on the ice is overcome by suppressing (ignoring) all other sensations, picking out the correct visual reference and then executing subsequent manuevers based upon that visual point, ignoring all other sensations. (It is in situations like this that airport lighting, markings and signage becomes the central feature of the pilots focus.) RIPP 4.1 FCHF

10 DESORIENTACION ESPACIAL
Fuerzas- G en el oído interno puede crear situaciones en que el piloto se desvanece y no reacciona o se incapacita parcial o totalmente no pudiendo responder a las maniobras requeridas en el control de la aeronave Def’n:SPATIAL DISORIENTATION-an erroneous sense of one’s position and motion relative to the plane of the earth’s surface LINEAR VECTION ILLUSION-nearly everyone who drives an auto has experienced this. We are stopped at a red light and a large, presumable stationary vehicle in the adjacent lane creeps forward when we experience the compelling illusion that our own car is creeping backward. This prompts a swift but suprisingly ineffectual stomp on the brakes. --Tractor wheels story --SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION-a visual/extra-visual disorientation that can only be interrupted by the existence of a non-confusing sign and our overriding voluntary analytical judgment of the brain. -acft in a turn -head turning -eye movement -numerous lights causing flickers in the eye (like the passing of a train at a RR crossing) --G FORCES-rapidly changing gravitational forces on a pilot during takeoff, the jarring forces of a landing, rapid deceleraton immediately after landing, high speed turns off the R/W 3 TYPES OF S.D. Unrecognized-no suspicion that anything is wrong 2)Recognized- 3)Incapacitating-freeze at the controls due to fear or confusion VISUAL DOMINANCE-the Figure Skater’s secret. The dizziness and disorientation that normally results from a skaters rapid decelerations and rapid spins on the ice is overcome by suppressing (ignoring) all other sensations, picking out the correct visual reference and then executing subsequent manuevers based upon that visual point, ignoring all other sensations. (It is in situations like this that airport lighting, markings and signage becomes the central feature of the pilots focus.) RIPP 4.1 FCHF

11 DESORIENTACION ESPACIAL
DOMINIO VISUAL Podría ser tu única malla de seguridad Debes Conocer Señales Marcas Luces DEL AEROPUERTO Def’n:SPATIAL DISORIENTATION-an erroneous sense of one’s position and motion relative to the plane of the earth’s surface LINEAR VECTION ILLUSION-nearly everyone who drives an auto has experienced this. We are stopped at a red light and a large, presumable stationary vehicle in the adjacent lane creeps forward when we experience the compelling illusion that our own car is creeping backward. This prompts a swift but suprisingly ineffectual stomp on the brakes. --Tractor wheels story --SOMATOGYRAL ILLUSION-a visual/extra-visual disorientation that can only be interrupted by the existence of a non-confusing sign and our overriding voluntary analytical judgment of the brain. -acft in a turn -head turning -eye movement -numerous lights causing flickers in the eye (like the passing of a train at a RR crossing) --G FORCES-rapidly changing gravitational forces on a pilot during takeoff, the jarring forces of a landing, rapid deceleraton immediately after landing, high speed turns off the R/W 3 TYPES OF S.D. Unrecognized-no suspicion that anything is wrong 2)Recognized- 3)Incapacitating-freeze at the controls due to fear or confusion VISUAL DOMINANCE-the Figure Skater’s secret. The dizziness and disorientation that normally results from a skaters rapid decelerations and rapid spins on the ice is overcome by suppressing (ignoring) all other sensations, picking out the correct visual reference and then executing subsequent manuevers based upon that visual point, ignoring all other sensations. (It is in situations like this that airport lighting, markings and signage becomes the central feature of the pilots focus.) RIPP 4.1 FCHF

12 PERDIDA DE LA CONCIENCIA SITUACIONAL
Monitorea instrucciones ATC y A TODOS STORY: LAHSO operation at TPA HEAD-DOWN ACTIVITIES-changing frequency to Ground Control after landing, switching the transponder to standby, or waiting till clearing the runway to locate the airport diagram. Some of these activities can also be called “vertigo traps” leading to Spatial Disorientation. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

13 PERDIDA DE LA CONCIENCIA SITUACIONAL
No copies autorizaciones ATC durante el rodaje No es el momento apropiado STORY: LAHSO operation at TPA HEAD-DOWN ACTIVITIES-changing frequency to Ground Control after landing, switching the transponder to standby, or waiting till clearing the runway to locate the airport diagram. Some of these activities can also be called “vertigo traps” leading to Spatial Disorientation. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

14 PERDIDA DE LA CONCIENCIA SITUACIONAL
Planifica cuando puedes “enterrar la cabeza” con cuidado Uso apropiado y oportuno de las listas Fijación GPS STORY: LAHSO operation at TPA HEAD-DOWN ACTIVITIES-changing frequency to Ground Control after landing, switching the transponder to standby, or waiting till clearing the runway to locate the airport diagram. Some of these activities can also be called “vertigo traps” leading to Spatial Disorientation. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

15 PERDIDA DE LA CONCIENCIA SITUACIONAL
TIPH* = Hora de mantenerte vigilante y alerta STORY: LAHSO operation at TPA HEAD-DOWN ACTIVITIES-changing frequency to Ground Control after landing, switching the transponder to standby, or waiting till clearing the runway to locate the airport diagram. Some of these activities can also be called “vertigo traps” leading to Spatial Disorientation. *Taxi Into Position & Hold RIPP 4.1 FCHF

16 PERDIDA DE LA CONCIENCIA SITUACIONAL
Use todas tus luces externas mientras estés rodando y en pista. ( Que te vean donde vas y estas…haste visible) STORY: LAHSO operation at TPA HEAD-DOWN ACTIVITIES-changing frequency to Ground Control after landing, switching the transponder to standby, or waiting till clearing the runway to locate the airport diagram. Some of these activities can also be called “vertigo traps” leading to Spatial Disorientation. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

17 CRM CONFUSO MISTERIOSO/ INEFECTIVO
Consejo hasta de un conejo Transponder en Standby — BUENO Piloto en Standby — MALO Seguridad de Superficie comienza en el arranque The March 2000 fatal accident was an ATC error that could have been prevented at the last link in the chain IF the two people in the acft moving onto the runway had executed this single practice: CLEAR LEFT/CLEAR…NOT CLEAR RIGHT. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

18 CRM CONFUSO MISTERIOSO/ INEFECTIVO Muchas cabinas intimidantes:
The March 2000 fatal accident was an ATC error that could have been prevented at the last link in the chain IF the two people in the acft moving onto the runway had executed this single practice: CLEAR LEFT/CLEAR…NOT CLEAR RIGHT. Muchas cabinas intimidantes: Un Piloto/Dos Pilotos RIPP 4.1 FCHF

19 CRM CONFUSO MISTERIOSO/ INEFECTIVO
Ha sido tu acompañante pasajero explicado como te puede ayudar en el vuelo con el uso de sus ojos y oídos? The March 2000 fatal accident was an ATC error that could have been prevented at the last link in the chain IF the two people in the acft moving onto the runway had executed this single practice: CLEAR LEFT/CLEAR…NOT CLEAR RIGHT. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

20 CRM CONFUSO MISTERIOSO/ INEFECTIVO
Antes de entrar a una Pista : EXCLAMA A VIVA VOZ “LIBRE DERECHA /LIBRE IZQUIERDA” Las sendas de aproximación ambos lados La superficie de la pista El Cielo The March 2000 fatal accident was an ATC error that could have been prevented at the last link in the chain IF the two people in the acft moving onto the runway had executed this single practice: CLEAR LEFT/CLEAR…NOT CLEAR RIGHT. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

21 NO SE ENTIENDE AL ATC Usa buenos audífonos
En lugar de los parlantes y micrófono (you might interject the “throat mike” story about Mr. Toothacher) Very frequently, pilots have begun their takeoff roll without and ATC clearance after given TIPH. It is not just pilots who use uncontrolled airports. Commercial operators are just as frequently guilty of this violation. A-B-C are not acceptable ATC activities or intentions; but these may occur intentionally or simply be a pilot perception. “Fast Talkers” The nature of the work Wounded pride OR Short Temper: Interfere with sound reasoning….the warrior syndrome RIPP 4.1 FCHF

22 NO SE ENTIENDE AL ATC Siempre usa fraseología correcta
(you might interject the “throat mike” story about Mr. Toothacher) Very frequently, pilots have begun their takeoff roll without and ATC clearance after given TIPH. It is not just pilots who use uncontrolled airports. Commercial operators are just as frequently guilty of this violation. A-B-C are not acceptable ATC activities or intentions; but these may occur intentionally or simply be a pilot perception. “Fast Talkers” The nature of the work Wounded pride OR Short Temper: Interfere with sound reasoning….the warrior syndrome RIPP 4.1 FCHF

23 NO SE ENTIENDE AL ATC “Posición y mantener HOLD / WAIT”…
Tiene solo un significado (you might interject the “throat mike” story about Mr. Toothacher) Very frequently, pilots have begun their takeoff roll without and ATC clearance after given TIPH. It is not just pilots who use uncontrolled airports. Commercial operators are just as frequently guilty of this violation. A-B-C are not acceptable ATC activities or intentions; but these may occur intentionally or simply be a pilot perception. “Fast Talkers” The nature of the work Wounded pride OR Short Temper: Interfere with sound reasoning….the warrior syndrome RIPP 4.1 FCHF

24 NO SE ENTIENDE AL ATC No dejes que ATC te haga A–B–C Abandone
Bull…..you Confunda (you might interject the “throat mike” story about Mr. Toothacher) Very frequently, pilots have begun their takeoff roll without and ATC clearance after given TIPH. It is not just pilots who use uncontrolled airports. Commercial operators are just as frequently guilty of this violation. A-B-C are not acceptable ATC activities or intentions; but these may occur intentionally or simply be a pilot perception. “Fast Talkers” The nature of the work Wounded pride OR Short Temper: Interfere with sound reasoning….the warrior syndrome RIPP 4.1 FCHF

25 LAPSO A CORTO TIEMPO / MEMORIA DE TRABAJO
6-8 ítems, 20-segundos de retención Saturación de tareas es una realidad de Cabina Short-term memory keeps information IF you think about it; otherwise, it is lost after about 20 seconds. The short-term memory retains 6-8 items under optimum conditions. Both indifference and distractions adversely affect this capacity. “not up for it” or “overload” will cause items—perhaps critical to safety—to be dropped. Excessive demands on the pilot’s attention can lead to “task saturation” Either get your ATC clearance before you taxi OR wait until you reach the run-up area. Don’t accept your ATC clearance while moving. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

26 LAPSO A CORTO TIEMPO / MEMORIA DE TRABAJO
Mantén la cabina “ESTERIL”mientras estes rodando y hasta que alcances una altura predeterminada Copia instrucciones de rodaje Short-term memory keeps information IF you think about it; otherwise, it is lost after about 20 seconds. The short-term memory retains 6-8 items under optimum conditions. Both indifference and distractions adversely affect this capacity. “not up for it” or “overload” will cause items—perhaps critical to safety—to be dropped. Excessive demands on the pilot’s attention can lead to “task saturation” Either get your ATC clearance before you taxi OR wait until you reach the run-up area. Don’t accept your ATC clearance while moving. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

27 Acuérdate cuan cuidadoso eras cuando recién aprendiste tu trabajo?
Tomabas las cosa muy despacio porque no estabas familiarizado! All text is on the slide. This just reiterates the expectation, familiarity, and complacency issue. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

28 No Tomes Ningún Riesgo! All text is on the slide. This just reiterates the expectation, familiarity, and complacency issue. RIPP 4.1 FCHF

29 Potencial del Error Humano
Reduciendo el error humano reducirá la frecuencia de RIs Mitigando el impacto del error Humano reducirá la severidad de RIs RIPP 4.1 FCHF

30 “Acuerdate eres la argolla mas debil, entre el sistema Hombre/Maquina especialmente cuando esta bajo el efcto de estres” SUB-MENU RIPP 4.1 FCHF