Spanish Subjunctive By: Emily Legere and Lauren Russo

Regular Formation ● Go to present indicative “yo” form of the verb ● Drop “-ar” “-er” or “-ir” ending ● Add opposite ending

Endings ● -ar -e, -es, e, -emos, -eis, -en ● -er/-ir -a, -as, -a, -amos, -ais, -an

Used to Express “WEIRDO” ● W- wish/will ● E- emotion ● I- impersonal expression ● R- request/recommendation ● D- doubt/denial ● O- Ojalá

W- wish/will ● Verbs that trigger wish/will: Desear, esperar, insistir en, necesitar, permitir, preferir, prohibir, querer

Example of Wish/Will: ● Desea un regalo.

E- emotion ● Verbs that trigger emotion: Alegrarse, estar, preocuparse, sentir, tener miedo de, gustar, molestar, sorprender

Example of Emotion: ● Me guste ir a la playa.

I- impersonal expression ● Verbs that trigger impersonal expression: Es bueno, es importante, es (im)possible, es lógico, es mejor, es necesario, es ridículo, es una lastima

Example of Impersonal Expression: ● Es bueno que esté la primavera.

R- request/recommendation ● Verbs that trigger request/recommendation: Pedir, recomendar, sugerir

Example of Request/Recommendation: ● Yo recomiende qué tú comes la hamburgesa.

D- doubt/denial ● Verbs that trigger doubt/denial: Es dudoso, no creer, no pensar, no estar seguro de, no es cierto, no es verdad

Example of Doubt/denial: ● No creo qué él nade bien.

O- Ojalá ● In Ojalá, there is only one subject ● The “qué” is optional

Example of Ojalá: ● Ojalá llegemos en punto.

Irregulars ●Dar- dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den ●Estar- esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén ●Ir- vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan ●Saber- sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan ●Ser- sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean ●Haber- haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan

-car, -gar, -zar ● If the infinitive of the verb ends in –car, -gar, or –zar, a spelling change occurs when you conjugate the verb. -car→ qu -gar→ gu -zar→ c Exs- Tocar→ Toque Pagar→ Pague Almorzar→ Almorce

Stem Changers ● For -ar and -er stem-changing verbs, the regular formation applies except that there is no stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms

Example of –ar and –er Stem Changers EX- pensar (to think) pienso - o = piens piens + e = piense piens + es = pienses piens + e = piensepens + emos = pensemospens + éis = penséis piens + en = piensen ● volver (to return) vuelvo - o = vuelv vuelv + a = vuelva vuelv + as = vuelvas vuelv + a = vuelvavolv + amos = volvamosvolv + áis = volváis vuelv + an = vuelvan

Stem Changers (cont.) ● For -ir stem-changing verbs, the regular formation applies except that the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i

Examples of –ir stem changers ● O→UE changes to O→U dormir (to sleep) duermo - o = duerm duerm + a = duerma duerm + as = duermas duerm + a = duermadurm + amos = durmamosdurm + áis = durmáis duerm + an = duerman

Examples of –ir stem changers (cont.) ● E→IE changes to E→I sentir (to feel) siento - o = sient sient + a = sienta sient + as = sientas sient + a = sientasint + amos = sintamossint + áis = sintáis sient + an = sientan

Examples of –ir stem changers (cont.) ● E→I does not change pedir (to ask) pido - o = pid pid + a = pida pid + as = pidas pid + a = pidapid + amos = pidamospid + áis = pidáis pid + an = pidan

Note that: ● Verbs that are not stem changers but have an irregular “yo” form will keep the irregularity throughout the whole conjugation. Examples of this are:

Conocer (to know) ● Conozca ● Conozcas ● Conozca ● Conozcamos ● Conozcáis ● Conozcan

Tener (to have) ● Tenga ● Tengas ● Tenga ● Tengamos ● Tengáis ● Tengan

The End