Science Vocabulary Part I. Science, scientific theory, scientific law, system, life science, Earth science, physical science, technology, hypotheses,

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Science Vocabulary Part I

Science, scientific theory, scientific law, system, life science, Earth science, physical science, technology, hypotheses, infer, controlled experiment, variable, constant, model, critical thinking, biology, geology, data, observation

Science ciencia A way of learning more about the natural world that provides possible explanations of questions and involves using a collection of skills. manera de aprender más acerca de la naturaleza que ofrece posibles explicaciones a preguntas e implica el uso de un número de destrezas.

technology tecnología (Applied Science) The use of science to help people in some way. Es el uso de la ciencia para ayudar a las personas de alguna manera.

Earth Science ciencias terrestres The study of Earth systems in space, including weather and climate systems and the study of nonliving things such as rocks, oceans, and planets. El estudio de los sistemas terrestres y los espaciales, entre ellos, los sistemas del tiempo y del clima, y el estudio de las cosas sin vida como las rocas, los océanos y los planetas.

Physical Science ciencias fisicas The study of matter, which is anything that takes up space and has mass, and the study of energy, which is the ability to cause change. El estudio de la materia, que es todo lo que occupa espacio y posee masa, el estudio de la energía, la cual es la capacida de producir cambios.

biology beologica It is the science of life and living organisms. Es la ciencia de la vida, o de los organismos vivientes.

geology geología It is the science that explains and studies the properties of planet Earth, it structure and history. Es la ciencia que enseña y explica las propiedades de la tierra, su estructura y su historia.

Scientific Law ley cientifica It is a rule that describes a pattern in nature but does not try to explain why something happens. Es una regla que describe un patrón en la naturaleza pero que no intenta explicar qué suceden las cosas.

scientific theory teoria cientifica Its a possible explanation for repeatedly observed patterns in nature. Es una posible explicación para patrones que se observen repetidamente en la naturaleza

scientific method método cientifico a collection of steps used to explore questions and investigate the natural world una coleccion de pasos que se usan para explorar preguntas y para investigar el mundo natura

system sistema A collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other. Un conjunto de estructuras, ciclos y procesos que se relacionan e interactúan entre sí.

model modelo It is any representation of an object or an event that is used as a tool for understanding the natural world; can communicate observations and ideas, test predictions, and save time, money, and lives. Es cualquier representación de un objeto o un fenómeno que se utiliza como instrumento para compreder el mundo natural; puede comunicar observaciones e ideas, probar predicciones y ahorrar tiempo, dinero y salvar vidas.

critical thinking pensamiento crítico It involves using knowledge and thinking skills to evaluate evidence and explanations. Se implica el uso del conocimiento y las destrezas del pensamiento para evaluar pruebas y explicaciones.

controlled experiment experimento controlado An experiment which involves observing the effect of one thing while keeping all other things constant. Un experimento que implica la observación del efecto que produce una cosa mientras se mantienen constantes las demás cosas.

hypothesis hipótesis A reasonable quess that can be tested and is based on what is known and observed. La conjetura razonable que se puede poner a prueba y que se basa en lo que se sabe y lo observable.

control patrón It is a feature that does not change in an experiment Es algo que no cambia durante un experimento

constant constante A variable that is not changed in an experiment. A variable que no se cambia en un experimento.

variable A factor that can be changed in an experiment. Un factor que se puede cambiar en un experimento.

observation observación gathering information using our senses la recolecion de informacion usando nuestros sentidos

inference (infer) inferencia A conclusion based on observations and reasoning Una conclusion basada en las observaciones y el razonamiento

data datos information collected during an experiment información coleccionada durante un experimento

analyze analizar to examine the parts of examinar las partes de

conclusion conclusión a judgement supported by facts una creencia que es apoyada con pruebas

Science Vocabulary Part II

Measurement, estimation, precision, accuracy, SI, meter, mass, kilogram, kelvin, rate, table, graph, line graph, bar graph, circle graph, to scale, cubic meter, cubic centimeter, weight

measurement medida A way to describe objects and events with numbers; for example, length, volume, mass, weight, and temperature. Un manera de describir objetos y eventos con números; por ejemplo; longitud, volumen, masa, peso y temperatura.

SI The International System of Units, related by multiples of ten, that allows quantities to be measured in the exact same way throughout the world. La sistema internacional de unidades, relacionado por múltiplos de diez, que permite que las cantidades se midan de la misma manera exacta en todo el mundo

meter (m) metro (m) A SI unit for length. Una unidad de longitud del SI.

mass masa An amount of matter in an object, which is measured in kilograms. Una cantidad de materia que posee un cuerpo, la cual se mide en kilogramos.

kilogram (kg) kilogramo (kg) A SI unit for mass. Una unidad de masa del SI.

kelvin (K) The SI unit for temperature. It equals a Celsius reading minus 273. La unidad de temperatura de SI. Es equal como la medida de Celsius menos 273.

estimation estimación A method of making an educated guess at a measurement. Un método de hacer una conjetura razonada de una medida.

accuracy exactitud It compares a measurement to the true value. Se compara una medida con el verdadero valor.

table tabla A method used to present information in rows and columns, making it easier to read and understand. Una manera de despliega información en hileras y columnas facilitando la lectura y comprensión de los datos.

graph gráfica It is used to collect, organize, and summarize data in a visual way, making it easy to use and understand. Un instrumneto que se untiliza para recopilar, organizar y tesumir datos de una manera su uso y compresión.

circle graph gráfica circular A type of graph that shows the parts of a whole; sometimes called a pie graph, each piece of which represents a percentage of the total. Un tipo de gráfica que muestra partes de un todo; cada parte es un sector que representa un porcentaje del total.

line graph gráfica lineal A type of graph used to show the relationship between two variables that are numbers on an x-axis and a y- axis. Un tipo de gráfica que se utiliza para mostrar la relación entre dos variables en forma de números, en eye x y un eje y.

bar graph gráfoca de barras A type of graph that uses bars to represent relationships between variables. Un tipo de gráfica que usa barras para mostrar relaciones entre variables.

state of matter estado de la materia A physical property that is dependent on temperature and pressure and occurs in four forms: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. La propiedad física que depende de la temperatura y la presión y que se presentqa en cuatro formas: sólido, líquido, gas o plasma.

matter materia Anything that has mass and takes up space. Es todo lo que posee masa y ocupa espacio.

assumption suposición a belief that is based on fact but has not been proven cierta creencia la cual se asume como cierta a pesar de no haber sido probada

interpret interpretar to explain what you think certain information means una manera de explicar que significa una informacion

boiling point punto de ebullisión A temperature at which a substance in a liquid state becomes a gas. Al temperatura a la cual una sustancia en estado liquido se transforma en un gas.

melting point punto de fusión A temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. Al temperatura a la cual un sólido se convierte en un liquido.

density densidad A measurable physical property that can be found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. Una propedad física que se puede medir; se puede calcular dividiendo la masa de un cuerpo entre su volumen.

physical property propiedad física It is any characteristic of a material, such as state, color, and volume, that can be observed or measured without changing or attempting to change the material. es cualquier característica de un material, como el estado, el color y el volumen, que se puede observar o medir sin alterar o intentar alterar el material.

physical change cambio físico A change in which the properties of a substance change but the identity of the substance always remains the same. Un cambio en el cual las propiedades de un sustancia cambian pero la identidad de la sustancia permanece siempre igual.

chemical property propiedad química It is any characteristic, such as the ability to burn, that allows a substance to undergo a change that results in a new substance. Es cualquier caracteristica, como la capacidad de quemarse, que permite que una sustancia sufra un cambio, el cual da como resultado una nueva sustancia.

rate tasa The amount of change in a given amount of time. La razón de dos clases distintas de medidas.

Vocabulary Science Part III

matter materia It is anything that has mass and takes up space. Es todo lo que posee masa y ocupa espacio.

state of matter estado de la materia A physical property that is dependent on temperature and pressure and occurs in four forms: solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. La propiedad física que depende de la temperatura y la presión y que se presentqa en cuatro formas: sólido, líquido, gas o plasma.

boiling point punto de ebullisión A temperature at which a substance in a liquid state becomes a gas. Al temperatura a la cual una sustancia en estado liquido se transforma en un gas.

melting point punto de fusión A temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. Al temperatura a la cual un sólido se convierte en un liquido.

density densidad A measurable physical property that can be found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. Una propedad física que se puede medir; se puede calcular dividiendo la masa de un cuerpo entre su volumen.

physical property propiedad física It is any characteristic of a material, such as state, color, and volume, that can be observed or measured without changing or attempting to change the material. es cualquier característica de un material, como el estado, el color y el volumen, que se puede observar o medir sin alterar o intentar alterar el material.

physical change cambio físico A change in which the properties of a substance change but the identity of the substance always remains the same. Un cambio en el cual las propiedades de un sustancia cambian pero la identidad de la sustancia permanece siempre igual.

chemical property propiedad química It is any characteristic, such as the ability to burn, that allows a substance to undergo a change that results in a new substance. Es cualquier caracteristica, como la capacidad de quemarse, que permite que una sustancia sufra un cambio, el cual da como resultado una nueva sustancia.

chemical change cambio química A change in which the identity of a substance changes due to its chemical properties and forms a new substance or substances. Un cambio en el cual la identidad de una sustqancia cambia debido a sus propiedades químicas y forma una nueva sustancia o sustancias

Science Vocabulary Part IV

force fuerza A push or a pull; SI unit is the newton. Es un empuje o un halón; el newton es la unidad SI

work trabajo It is done when an applied force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Lo que se lleva cabo cuando una fuerza aplicada causa el movimiento de una cuerpo en la dirección de la fuerza.

inertia inercia The tendency to resist a change in motion. La tendencia a resistir un cambio en movimiento.

friction fricción The force that resists motion between two touching surfaces and always acts opposite to the direction of motion. La fuerza resistente al movimiento entre dos superficies en contacto y que siempre actúa opuesta a la dirección del movimiento.

Newton's Third Law of Motion This law states that when an object exerts a force on a second object the second exerts an equal force on the first object, but in the opposite direction. Person 1 is pushing person 2 with say a force of 150 newtons. Even though person 2 doesn't budge she is also pushing back 150 newtons. If she didn't she would topple over.

Try this: Get a friend and two wheel carts. Sit on it so you're facing each other, palm against palm like in figure 4. Mark where you are starting from, the space between the two carts. One of you push off. How far did you travel? Did you both go the same distance even though only one of you pushed off?

(Newton's) first law of motion primera ley del movimiento It states that an object at rest will remain at rest or moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless a force acts on it. Se establece que un cuerpo en reposo permanece en reposo o se mueve en linea recta a una velocidad constante a menos que una fuerza actúe sobre él.

(Newton's) second law of motion segunda ley del movimiento It states that net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force. Se establece que la fuerza neta que actúa sobre un cuerpo el la causa de que tal cuerpo acelere en la dirección de la fuerza.

(Newton's) third law of motion tercera ley del movimiento It states that when a force is applied on an object, an equal force is applied by the object in the opposite direction. Se establece que cuando se le aplica una fuerza a un cerpo, éste aplica una fuerza semejante en dirección contraria.

velocity velocidad It includes speed and direction of a moving body; average velocity can be calculated by dividing displacement by time. La rapidez y dirección de un cuerpo en movimiento; la velocidad promedio se puede calcular dividiendo el desplazamiento entre el tiempo.

acceleration aceleración A change in velocity divided by the amount of time needed for the change to occur; takes place when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction. El cambio en velocidad dividido entre la cantidad de tiempo que se necesita para que ocurre el cambio; se presenta cuando un cerpo acelera, decelera o cambia de dirección.

Divide F by m to find acceleration (a) F a m

F a m

F a m

0.45 a m

a 0.05

0.45 a 0.05

0.45 a 0.05

F a m

68.6 am

a7.0

68.6 a7.0

68.6 a7.0

average speed (rate) rápidez media The rate of motion calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the amount of time it takes to travel that distance. La tasa de moviemento que se calcula dividiendo la distancia recorrida entre la cantidad de tiempo que se tarda en recorrer esa distancia.

divide D by t to find speed (s) D s t

D r t divide D by t to find rate (r)

simple machine máquina simple A device that makes work easier with only one movement; can change the size or direction of a force, and includes the wedge, screw, lever, wheel and axle, pulley, and inclined plane. Lo que dispositivo que facilita el trabajo con un moviemento solamente; puede cambiar el tamaño o la dirección de una fuerza; entre este tipo de máquina se incluyen la cuña, el tornillo, la palanca, la rueda y eje, la polea y el plano inclinado.

mechanical advantage ventaja mecánica A number of times a machine multiples the effort force you apply to it. El número de veces que una máquina multiplica la fuerza de esfuerzo que se le aplica.