Past Participles Present Perfect

What is a past participle? A past participle may beA past participle may be – An adjective a closed doora closed door – Part of a verb phrase we have closedwe have closed she has writtenshe has written

In English, some end in –edIn English, some end in –ed –opened, painted, talked others are irregularothers are irregular –driven, eaten, run, seen, written What is a past participle?

Forming a past participle -AR VERBS-AR VERBS –drop the –ar ending –add “–ado” to the stem -ER/-IR VERBS-ER/-IR VERBS –drop the –er/-ir ending –add “–ido” to the stem.

Forming a past participle -AR VERBS-AR VERBShablar -ER/-IR VERBS-ER/-IR VERBScomervivir habl- hablado viv- com- vivido comido spoken eaten lived

Forming a past participle... There is a written accent in the past participle of –er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a, e, or o:There is a written accent in the past participle of –er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a, e, or o: caer caídocaer caído leer leídoleer leído oír oídooír oído traer traídotraer traído

Irregular Past Participles abrir  abiertoabrir  abierto cubrir  cubiertocubrir  cubierto decir  dichodecir  dicho devolver  devueltodevolver  devuelto escribir  escritoescribir  escrito hacer  hechohacer  hecho

Irregular Past Participles ir  idoir  ido morir  muertomorir  muerto poner  puestoponer  puesto romper  rotoromper  roto ver  vistover  visto volver  vueltovolver  vuelto

The present perfect tense The present perfect talks about things someone has done.The present perfect talks about things someone has done. It always consists of :It always consists of : have or has + present participle.have or has + present participle. It implies that you have already done something.It implies that you have already done something. ya = already ya = already (Yo) ya he visto la película.(Yo) ya he visto la película.

The present perfect tense The present perfect talks about things someone hasn’t done yet.The present perfect talks about things someone hasn’t done yet. todavía = yettodavía = yet It takes the double negative.It takes the double negative. Yo no he visto la película todavía.Yo no he visto la película todavía. I haven’t seen the movie yet.I haven’t seen the movie yet.

The present perfect tense Past participles are used with “haber” to form the present perfect tense.Past participles are used with “haber” to form the present perfect tense. Yo he estudiado–I have (already) studied.Yo he estudiado–I have (already) studied. hehemos hashabéis hahan

Los estudiantes han aprendido mucho.Los estudiantes han aprendido mucho. The students have learned a lot.The students have learned a lot. The present perfect tense refers to actions completed in the past but that relate to the past. -Esta experiencia en Apponequet ha sido muy bueno. … has been very good.

¿Qué has hecho esta semana?¿Qué has hecho esta semana? No he hecho nada.No he hecho nada. ¿Ha viajado a España tu profesora de español?¿Ha viajado a España tu profesora de español? Sí, ella ha viajado a España.Sí, ella ha viajado a España.

Notice that the past participle of the present perfect tense DOES NOT REFLECT GENDER OR NUMBER! Only “haber” changes to agree with the subject.Notice that the past participle of the present perfect tense DOES NOT REFLECT GENDER OR NUMBER! Only “haber” changes to agree with the subject. When you use the object pronouns or reflexive pronouns with the present perfect you put the pronoun before the conjugated form of haber.When you use the object pronouns or reflexive pronouns with the present perfect you put the pronoun before the conjugated form of haber.

No me has dado la tarea.No me has dado la tarea. You haven’t given me the homework.You haven’t given me the homework. No me la has dado.No me la has dado. You haven’t given it to me.You haven’t given it to me. Yo le he escrito a mi amigo.Yo le he escrito a mi amigo. I have written to my friend.I have written to my friend. Nos hemos enojado. (enojarse)Nos hemos enojado. (enojarse) We have gotten angry.We have gotten angry.

Past Participles used as Adjectives the closed door (closed = adj) the closed door (closed = adj) As always, adjectives must:As always, adjectives must: –1)Agree with the noun they modify –2)Come after the noun the closed door = la puerta cerradathe closed door = la puerta cerrada the door is closed =the door is closed = La puerta está cerrada.La puerta está cerrada.

Past Participles used as Adjectives Where have we used past participles before? Where have we used past participles before? ¿Estás cansado?¿Estás cansado? –Sí, estoy cansado. ¿Están aburridos los estudiantes?¿Están aburridos los estudiantes? –No, los estudiantes no están aburridos. –La clase está muy divertida.