The verbs decir and dar (Los verbos decir y dar) Te doy mi pelota si me das tu sándwich. ¿Qué dices?

Hoy es mi cumpleaños. Mi amigo Denzel Washington me dice, “¡Feliz cumpleaños!” Mi mejor amiga Julia Roberts me da $5,000. Mis amigos Antonio Banderas y Melanie Griffith me dicen “Felicitaciones” y me dan un Ferrari. Tengo amigos muy generosos, ¿verdad?

Dar is irregular only in its yo form. Dar has an irregular first-person form similar to that of ser and estar. doy das da damos dan Dar is irregular only in its yo form.

dar Dar means to give or to teach. Damos sangre a la Cruz Roja regularmente. We give blood to the Red Cross regularly. El Dr. Vargas da clases de historia. Dr. Vargas gives (teaches) history clases. Dar often requires an indirect object pronoun. ¿Me puedes dar el dinero que me debes? Can you give me the money you owe me?

Práctica: 5-6 “Hoy” Find out what is happening today by using the present tense of the verb dar. Remember that dar is irregular in the yo form (yo doy). Note: dar un paseo = to take a walk

Práctica: 5-6 “Hoy” da doy das dan damos El profesor ________ un examen a las nueve. Yo ________ un paseo por el parque. ¿Tú les ________ mucho dinero a tus hijos? Serio y Virginia ________ una fiesta por la noche. Paco y yo ________ una fiesta por la tarde. doy das dan damos

decir digo dices dice decimos dicen Decir is an e  i stem-changing verb with an irregular first-person form similar to that of tener and venir. digo dices dice decimos dicen Decir is irregular in its yo form . . . and has e  i “boot-verb” (stem) changes throughout.

decir Decir means to say or to tell. Nicolás dice que quiere la especialidad de la casa. Nicolás says that he wants the specialty of the house. Nosotros siempre decimos la verdad. We always tell the truth. Decir often requires an indirect object pronoun. Nos dicen que ya es hora de comer. They’re telling us that it’s time to eat.

“Decir + que” Note that decir is often followed by que In this context, que is translated as “that” Example: Yo digo que Mario es el mejor estudiante. I say that Mario is the best student.

Práctica: 5-7 “Los chismosos” Amanda and Mario are always spreading rumors. Find out their latest rumor by completing the conversation between Amanda and Juana. Use the present tense of the verb decir.

dicen dices digo dicen dicen decimos dice digo J: Oye Amanda, Mario y Armando (1) _________ que tú eres la novia de Gerardo. A: ¿Qué (2) _________ tú, Juana? J: Yo solamente (3) _________ que Mario y Armando (4) _________ que tú eres la novia de Gerardo. A: Y ¿qué (5) _________ ustedes? J: Nosotros (6) _________ que no es verdad, pero Mario (7) _________ que tú vas a la playa con Gerardo todos los sábados. A: Pues, yo (8) _________ que él no dice la verdad y que es un mentiroso (liar). dices digo dicen dicen decimos dice digo

Te doy mi pelota si me das tu sándwich. Decir and dar are often used with indirect object pronouns, which we’ll examine next. Te doy mi pelota si me das tu sándwich. ¿Qué dices?

Indirect Objects and Indirect Object Pronouns (Los complementos indirectos y los pronombres de complemento indirecto) ¿Me puede mostrar los modelos más económicos?

An indirect object is almost always a person (occasionally a thing) that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. What did Paco give? The book. That’s our direct object. Paco gave the book to me. To whom did Paco give the book? To me. That’s our indirect object. Paco me dio el libro. It is important to distinguish direct objects from indirect objects.

The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are as follows: These are used for people me nos te These are used le les mostly for people and sometimes things Notice that the forms of the indirect object pronouns are identical to the direct object pronouns, except for the third-person singular and plural forms.

The prepositional forms that often accompany the object pronouns are as follows: These are mandatory me (a mí) These are optional nos (a nosotros) te (a ti) le (a usted) les (a ustedes) (a él) (a ellos) (a Juan) (a ella) (a ellas) (a Marta) etc. (for clarification or emphasis) (More about this shortly)

I’ll send the book to Alfredo. An indirect object indicates to or for whom an action is carried out. An indirect object can also be used to indicate from whom something is bought, borrowed, or taken away. In English these relationships are simply expressed with prepositions. I’ll send the book to Alfredo. I’ll buy the book for Alfredo. I’ll take the book from Alfredo.

Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. In Spanish, the to, for, and from relationships are all expressed with an indirect object pronoun and the single preposition a. The verb, then, or the situational context will clarify whether a represents to, for, or from. Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. to send to Le voy a comprar el libro a Alfredo. to buy for (or from, depending on context) Le voy a quitar el libro a Alfredo. to take away from The repetition of Le with a Alfredo may seem redundant, but Spanish grammar requires the co-occurrence of the indirect object pronoun and the indirect object itself, unless the latter has already been established in the conversation or is understood.

Notice the following example: ¿Alfredo quiere leer los cuentos? Does Alfredo want to read the stories? Sí, le voy a mandar el libro. Yes, I’m going to send the book to him. Since the question establishes that Alfredo is the one being referred to, a Alfredo is omitted in the answer.

Clarification and Emphasis The pronouns le and les are ambiguous since they can refer to many different individuals or groups, respectively; thus, the prepositional forms are used to clarify. Notice the following exchange: ¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro? To whom are you going to send the book? Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. I’m going to send the book to Alfredo. An answer such as Le voy a mandar el libro would obviously not be sufficient.

Clarification and Emphasis Some might then logically ask “Why not just say Voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo.” But . . . . . . proper Spanish requires the use of the indirect object pronoun. Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. In this case, for instance, le must co-occur with a Alfredo. Voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. . . . is considered ungrammatical.

Clarification and Emphasis Prepositional forms are also used to emphasize. Notice the following exchange. Tanto Alfredo como Isabel quieren leer el libro. ¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro primero? Both Alfredo and Isabel want to read the book. Who are you going to send it to first? Primero le voy a mandar el libro a él (a Alfredo). First I’m going to send the book to him (to Alfredo). Again, an answer such as Primero le voy a mandar el libro would not be sufficient.

Omission of the indirect object pronoun The indirect object pronoun is normally not used, however, when the indirect object is considered corporate, as opposed to personal. Voy a mandar el libro a la biblioteca. I’m going to send the book to the library. Donamos dinero a la Cruz Roja. We donate money to the Red Cross.

Van a ponerle un motor nuevo al coche. As mentioned, occasionally a thing can be expressed as an indirect object. Van a ponerle un motor nuevo al coche. They’re going to put a new engine in the car. Think of the installation of the new engine as an action that is being carried out on the car.

Paco took the book from me. Remember that the indirect object pronoun in Spanish can represent (at least) three different relationships. Paco gave the book to me. All three—to, from and for— are represented by the single preposition a in Spanish. Paco me dio el libro (a mí). Paco took the book from me. Paco me quitó el libro (a mí). Paco bought the book for me. Paco me compró el libro (a mí).

Choosing me, te, le, nos, or les When completing sentences, look at what comes after the “a” to determine which Indirect Object pronoun is needed. Remember that the pronoun matches the indirect object of the sentence, not the subject of the sentence. Example: Yo le hablo a él. (I talk to him).

The prepositional forms that often accompany the object pronouns are as follows: These are mandatory me These tell us which pronoun to use (a mí) nos (a nosotros) te (a ti) le (a usted) les (a ustedes) (a él) (a ellos) (a Juan) (a ella) (a ellas) (a Marta) etc.

Let’s do these together: María _____ habla a mí. me les 2. El profesor _____ da clases a los estudiantes. =(a ellos) 3. Tú _____ das un regalo a tu madre. =(a ella) le 4. La profesora _____ da unas notas a nosotros. nos 5. ______ digo la verdad a ti. Te 6. Ella ____ prepara la cena a sus amigos. (a ellos) les

Práctica: 5-8 “¡A completar!” Fill in each blank with the appropriate pronoun: me, te, le, nos, or les Remember that the pronoun matches the indirect object, not the subject of the sentence. Hint: The indirect object comes after the preposition a.

Mi hermana ________ lava la ropa (a mí). me Mi hermana ________ lava la ropa (a mí). Ella ________ plancha la ropa a sus hermanos. Tú ________ pones la mesa a tu tío y a tu primo. Ella ________ habla (a ti). Mis amigos ________ sacan la basura (a ella). les = (a ellos) les = (a ellos) te le

6. Yo ________ preparo la cena a mi novia. le 6. Yo ________ preparo la cena a mi novia. 7. Él ________ barre la terraza a mi hermana y a mí. 8. Ustedes ________ hacen la cama a su madrastra. 9. Tú ________ quitas la mesa a tus tíos. 10. Tú y tu hermano ________ sacuden los muebles a su cuñada. = a ella nos = (a nosotros) le = (a ella) les = (a ellos) le = (a ella)

Práctica: 5-9 “En la tienda” Let’s practice more with le and les. Fill in each blank with the appropriate pronoun: le or les Remember that the pronoun matches the indirect object, not the subject of the sentence. Hint: The indirect object comes after the preposition a.

_______ doy una plancha a mis primos. Les _______ doy una plancha a mis primos. _______ das una alfombra a tu mamá. _______ das una lampara a tu papá. _______ doy una secadora a mi primo y a su esposa. _______ doy un estéreo a nuestras hermanas. _______ doy un cuadro a nuestra profesora. = a ellos Le = a ella Le = a él Les = a ellos Les = a ellas Le = a ella

When you have 2 verbs… Placement of indirect object pronouns follows the same rules as the reflexive pronouns and direct object pronouns. If you only have 1 verb, the pronoun must go in front of the verb. When you have 2 verbs, you can place it in front of the first verb, or attach it to the end of the second verb.

Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. Indirect object pronouns, like all object pronouns, come in front of the conjugated verb . . . Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. . . . or after and attached to an infinitive . . . Voy a mandarle el libro a Alfredo. . . . or a gerund. Estoy mandándole el libro a Alfredo.

Let’s do these together: ayudarle 1. Voy a ____________ a mi madre a hacer las camas. (ayudar) OR ayudar ____voy a ____________ a mi madre a hacer las camas. (ayudar) Le lavándoles 2. Estoy ____________ la ropa a mis hermanas. (lavando) OR _____ estoy _________ la ropa a mis hermanas. (lavando) Les lavando

Let’s do these together: cantarle 3. Voy a ____________ a mi novio una canción romántica. (cantar) OR cantar ____voy a ____________ a mi novio una canción romántica. (cantar) Le planchándole 2. Estoy ____________ una camisa a mi esposo. (planchando) OR planchando _____ estoy ___________ una camisa a mi esposo. (planchando) Le

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