Los tiempos del pasado en español parte 1: El imperfecto Antes de seguir a la próxima diapositiva (slide), piense en estas preguntas: ¿Cómo se llaman los.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los tiempos del pasado en español parte 1: El imperfecto Antes de seguir a la próxima diapositiva (slide), piense en estas preguntas: ¿Cómo se llaman los dos tiempos pasados en español? ¿Cuándo se usa uno, y cuándo se usa el otro? ¿Cuáles con las conjugaciones de los dos tiempos pasados?

¿Cómo se llaman los dos tiempos pasados? Los dos tiempos pasados en español se llaman el pretérito y el imperfecto. ¿Cuándo se usa uno y cuándo se usa el otro? EN GENERAL: El pretérito se usa con acciones en el pasado que se consideran acciones realizadas (completed). El imperfecto se usa con acciones en el pasado que, dentro de una misma frase (within a phrase or sentence), no se consideran realizadas.

Por ejemplo: El narcotraficante mató a una mujer policía anoche. The drug dealer killed a female police officer last night. **Aquí se usa el pretérito porque es una acción realizada** La victima tenía treinta años. The victim was thirty years old. **Aquí se usa el imperfecto porque la edad (age) no se considera una acción realizada**

Tenga en cuenta: Esas son las reglas “generales”. También hay casos específicos en los que se usa o pretérito o imperfecto. Ahora, usted va a repasar el imperfecto.

Conjugaciones del Imperfecto Verbos regulares: -AR -ER / -IR -ABA -ABAS -ABA -ÁBAMOS -ABAIS -ABAN -ÍA -ÍAS -ÍA -ÍAMOS -ÍAIS -ÍAN

***En el imperfecto, solamente hay tres verbos irregulares: Ver – To see Veía Veías Veía Veíamos Veíais Veían Ir – To go Iba Ibas Iba Íbamos Ibais Iban Ser – To be Era Eras Era Éramos Erais Eran

¿Cuándo y por qué se utiliza el IMPERFECTO?

Razón número 1: Para hablar de acciones que repetían habitualmente en el pasado En inglés, es igual a decir “used to _______”, “would always _______”, etc. El ladrón tomaba ventaja de la vida nocturna de Buenos Aires; siempre robaba con cuchillo a mucha gente saliendo de los clubes durante los veranos. The thief used to take advantage of the nightlife of Buenos Aires; he would always rob a lot of people leaving the clubs at knifepoint during the summers.

Razón número 2: Para hablar de la edad, o la hora To talk about age, use TENER in the Imperfect To tell time in the past, use ERA LA or ERAN LAS in the same way that you would use ES LA and SON LAS in the present. Eran las tres de la mañana cuando el vandalismo ocurrió. El sospechoso (suspect) tenía doce años, y conocía bien a los narcotraficantes de la área. It was three in the morning when the vandalism occurred. The suspect was twelve years old (HAD TWELVE YEARS) and knew the drug traffickers of the area well.

Razón número 3: Para hablar de acciones en proceso, o acciones de la pantalla Actions in progress, or background actions. In English, it would be a phrase with “–ing” in the past. Aquí tienen mi confesión: En las afueras de México D.F. mientras su esposo bajaba el tren, yo robé a la mujer con pistola. Mi amigo venía en carro de escape cuando ustedes me atraparon. Here is my confession: In the outskirts of México DF, while her husband was getting off the train, I robbed the woman at gunpoint. My friend was coming in a getaway car when you guys caught me.

Razón número 4: Descripciones en el pasado El sospechoso era alto con pelo rubio. Es muy probable que él residía en la zona del ghetto, que él era peligroso, y que tenía arma. The suspect was tall with blonde hair. It is very likely that he resided in the ghetto area, that he was dangerous, and that he had a weapon. All of the past tense verbs in the following sentence describe a suspect, and are NOT completed actions in the past; therefore, they are Imperfect.