The Indirect Object tells us to whom the direct object is going. El vendedor vende la fruta a los clientes. verbo=vende DO=la fruta IO=los clientes
The Indirect Object answers the question “to whom” or “for whom”. La camarera da la comida a los invitados. verbo=da DO=la comida IO=los invitados
El hombre hace la alfarería por su marida. verbo=hace DO=alfarería IO=la marida
me = menos = us te = youos = you all le = him, her, it, youles= them, you all f. These are Indirect Object Pronouns: In an affirmative sentence with one verb, the IOP goes in front of the conjugated verb. Juan me compra un regalo. John buys me a gift. John buys a gift for us. Juan nos compra un regalo.
El fotógrafo saca fotos por el periódico. El fotógrafo le saca fotos. The photographer takes pictures for it. (the newspaper)
El mono da un baño al bebé. El mono le da un baño. The monkey gives him a bath.
The key to using both IOP & DOP is to think in phrases and not direct translation. me da te da le da nos da os da les da gives to me gives to you gives to her gives to us gives to you all etc.
The IOP’s “le” and “les” present a little problem because they are ambiguous. El peluquero le da un corte del pelo. le da = gives to her gives to him
Since “le” & “les” can mean more than one thing a prepositional phrase is often added to clarify. El peluquero le da a él un corte del pelo.
Santa le dio a él una sonrisa.
El jefe me dijo a mí que soy un buen trabajador. Sometimes the prepositional phrase is added form emphasis. The boss told me (not anyone else) that I am a good worker.