This, that, these, those, etc. (the pointing-out adjectives and pronouns.) Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns (Los adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos) Demonstrative adjectives point out people and objects and the relative position and distance between the speaker and the object or person modified. Demonstrative adjectives are usually placed before the modified noun and agree with it in number and gender.

P. 137 Chart Este/esta/estos/estas aquí= this/these (close to me) Ese/esa/esos/esas allí= that/those (close to you but far from me) Aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas allá= that/those (over there; away from both of us)

El viejo y el mar Este libro que yo tengo aquí es una novela. este Este refers to a masculine singular noun that is close to the speaker.

Es de matemáticas. ¿De qué materia es ese libro que tú tienes allí? El viejo y el mar ese Ese refers to a masculine singular noun that is close to the listener.

¡Exacto! El viejo y el mar Aquel libro que está allá en la mesa es un diccionario, ¿no? aquel Aquel refers to a masculine singular noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener.

Estos libros los debo devolver a la biblioteca. El viejo y el mar estos Estos* refers to a masculine plural noun that is close to the speaker. *Notice that the plural of este is estos, not estes.

¡Sí, mucho! ¡Sí, estos libros son muy buenos! El viejo y el mar ¿Esos libros son interesantes? esos Esos* refers to a masculine plural noun that is close to the listener(s). *Notice that the plural of ese is esos, not eses.

El viejo y el mar Yo tampoco. No, no las conozco. ¿Conocen Uds. a las chicas que leen aquellos libros? aquellos Aquellos refers to a masculine plural noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener(s).

¡Esta mochila es muy bonita! esta Esta refers to a feminine singular noun that is close to the speaker.

Esa mochila no es tan grande como esta mochila. No, pero es más barata. esa Esa refers to a feminine singular noun that is close to the listener.

aquella Aquella mochila es muy similar a esta mochila. Sí, es idéntica. Aquella refers to a feminine singular noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener.

estas ¿De quiénes son estas mochilas, me pregunto? Estas refers to a feminine plural noun that is close to the speaker.

esas Esas mochilas son suyas, ¿verdad? Por supuesto. Sí, son nuestras. Esas refers to a feminine plural noun that is close to the listener(s).

aquellas De acuerdo. No sé de quiénes son. Aquellas mochilas y éstas deben estar perdidas, yo creo. Aquellas refers to a feminine plural noun that is far from both the speaker and the listener(s).

Summary Este, esta = this Estos, estas = these Ese, esa = that Esos, esas = those Aquel, aquella = that (over there) Aquellos, aquellas = those (over there) This and these have t’s; that and those don’t. If it has a t, it’s close to me. If it has a t, then it’s touchable. Here are some memory devices that may help:

P. 137 Chart Este/esta/estos/estas aquí= this/these (close to me) Ese/esa/esos/esas allí= that/those (close to you) Aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas allá= that/those (over there; away from both of us)

P. 137 Add to chart Este/esta/estos/estas aquí= this/these (close to me) cerca de mí = close to me Ese/esa/esos/esas allí= that/those (close to you but far from me) lejos de mí = far from me Aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas allá= that/those (over there; away from both of us) muy lejos = very far

Summary So you see all of these demonstrative adjectives have different forms that: –show relative distance of the object and –agree in number and gender with the object.

Este/esta/estos/estas aquí Ese/esa/esos/esas allí Aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas allá Forms of este and ese are exactly the same except for the extra t (when it’s close to me). Plural form of este and ese → estos and esos (not estes or eses) You can remember forms of aquel using aqu + el/ella/ellos/ellas

Summary It should be pointed out that, in actual usage, ese, esa, esos and esas (that, those) are often used instead of aquel, aquella, aquellos and aquellas (that over there, those over there), particularly if the object or person being referred to is relatively close. Esa (aquella) muchacha es mi prima, Isabel. That girl is my cousin, Isabel. However, if the object or person is quite far away, the aquel forms are preferred. Aquella casa alla en el cerro es de mi tío. That house over there on the hill is my uncle’s.

Packet p. 27 Complete the exercises with the appropriate singular demonstrative adjectives. Then, make each word plural. Ex: teléfono(s) singular / plural ¿Debo comprar este teléfono / estos teléfonos aquí? No me gusta ese teléfono / esos teléfonos allí. Prefiero aquel teléfono / aquellos teléfonos allá.

Calculadora/Calculadoras ¿Debo comprar esta calculadora aquí? No me gusta esa calculadora allí. Prefiero aquella calculadora allá. Add “s” to both words to make them plural: ¿Debo comprar estas calculadoras aquí? No me gusta esas calculadoras allí. Prefiero aquellas calculadoras allá.

Cuaderno/Cuadernos singular / plural ¿Debo comprar este cuaderno / estos cuadernos aquí? No me gusta ese cuaderno / esos cuadernos allí. Prefiero aquel cuaderno / aquellos cuadernos allá.

Mochila/Mochilas ¿Debo comprar esta mochila aquí? No me gusta esa mochila allí. Prefiero aquella mochila allá. Add “s” to both words to make them plural: ¿Debo comprar estas mochilas aquí? No me gusta esas mochilas allí. Prefiero aquellas mochilas allá.

The Demonstrative Pronouns The forms that take the place of nouns. (Los pronombres demostrativos)

Demonstrative Pronouns Basically, if you don’t name the object, all you have to do is add an accent mark. –Aquella pluma (that pen) becomes aquélla (that one). The accent mark always goes over the first “e.” (Make sure to place the accent correctly or it could change the meaning – i.e. ésta vs. está). Instead of this/that/these/those, you are saying this one / that one / these (ones) / those (ones).

Examples: Quiero comprar este teléfono. ( I want to buy this phone). Quiero comprar éste. (I want to buy this one). Prefiero esos libros. (I prefer those books). Prefiero ésos. (I prefer those).

Notice that, in this scene, the speakers are referring to the hats but have omitted the word sombrero, which now turns aquél and éste into pronouns. In English, the man would say “I like that one a lot.” and his friend would say “Umm... and this one?” When written, these pronominal forms bear an accent on the stressed e.

Summary éste, ésta = this one éstos, éstas = these (ones) ése, ésa = that one ésos, ésas = those (ones) aquél, aquélla = that one (over there) aquéllos, aquéllas = those (ones) (over there)

esto, eso, aquello The neuter forms esto, eso, and aquello do not take a written accent nor do they have plural forms. They are used to point out ideas, actions or concepts, or to refer to unspecified objects or things. Aquello no me gusta. I don’t like that (business, matter). No dije eso. I didn’t say that. Esto está mal. This is wrong. These forms are also used to ask for a definition of something. ¿Qué es eso? What is that? Es una biblioteca.It’s a library. ¿Qué es esto? What is this? Es una pulsera.It’s a bracelet.

P. 138: 4-33 Read the conversation between Ana and the clerk and underline the demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Using the picture on packet p. 28 (or the picture in the textbook), draw the relative location of each item that Ana and the clerk are discussing.

Packet p. 29: 4-10 Examples 4-10: Make these sentences plural (don’t forget to make the verbs, nouns and adjectives plural as well as the demonstrative adjectives). Example: 1.Este libro es interesante. Ése es aburrido. Estos libros son interesantes. Ésos son aburridos.

Packet p. 29: 4-18 Examples 4-18: Change the words in parentheses as necessary to match the objects. Example: 1.Cuaderno (este/ése) Prefiero estos cuadernos, no ésos.

Packet p. 30: 4-11 Examples 4-11: Look at the drawing of the class and describe what the students are doing. Use the relative location of the students from the teacher (aquí, allí, allá) Example: 1. _Estas_ chicas trabajan. (aquí) The girls that are working are in the front row, closest to the teacher, so we use the demonstrative adjective that matches “aquí.”

Packet p.30: 4-17 Examples 4-17: Complete the sentences with the correct demonstrative adjectives. Example: 1. Quiero (these) __estas_ camisas. For “these” we use estos or estos – but “camisas” is feminine so the answer is estas.

FIN