El presente del Subjuntivo

The Indicative l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Indicative l Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

The Subjunctive l Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive l We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

The Subjunctive l We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands..

The Subjunctive l We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The Subjunctive l For -ar verbs: l e, es, e, emos, éis, en l For -er/-ir verbs: l a, as, a, amos, áis, an

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l As with commands, if there is a stem change all forms will change in the subjunctive except for the nosotros and vosotros forms.

Sembrar – to plant siembro siembres siembre sembremos sembréis siembren

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l caerse l decir l hacer l poner l salir l tener l traer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-ohaga tener teng-otenga

Tener – to have tenga tengas tenga tengamos Tengáis tengan

The Subjunctive l The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes in any verb with an irregular yo form. (just like negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands.

CONOCER – to know conozca conozcas conozca conozcamos conozcáis conozcan

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs buscar buscobusque pagarpagopague cruzarcruzocruce

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l D – Dar (Dé, des, dé, demos deis den) l I – IR (vaya, vayas vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan) l S – Ser (Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean) l H – Haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan) l E – Estar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén) l S – Saber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)

When to use Subjunctive l 1. A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. l For example:

The Subjunctive l Quiero que tú superes los obstáculos. l I want you to overcome obstacles.

2. A verb of Volition (what may or may not happen) : l W – Wishes, Wants l E – Emotions, feelings, thoughts l I – Impersonal Expressions l R – Requests, Recommendations l D – Doubt, Denial, Disagreement l O – Ojalá (I hope to God)

The Subjunctive l Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr. l I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive l El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos. l The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

The Subjunctive l Es necesario que protejas el medio ambiente. l It’s necessary that you protect the environment. l Es importante que los jóvenes solucionen los problemas. l It’s important that the young people solve problems.

3. A change of subject l Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own) Begins with the word “que.” Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive l The first subject uses the present indicative verb (of volition) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive l Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive: l Decir l Insistir en l Necesitar l Permitir l Preferir (e > ie) l Prohibir l Querer (e > ie) l Recomendar (e > ie) l Sugerir (e > ie)

PRACTICE l Es necesario que tú _________ (hacer) la tarea. l Mi madre quiere que yo _______ (sacar) buenas notas. l Es preciso ________(beber) mucha agua todos los días. l Ojalá que la actividad no _______(ser) plantar árboles hagas saque bebas sea