The Perfect Tenses Español 2 Capítulo 7

Perfect Tenses There are many perfect tenses. -Present Perfect (el pretérito perfecto) -Past Perfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) -Present Perfect Subjunctive -Future Perfect -Conditional Perfect

Pretérito perfecto Also known as the PRESENT PREFECT TENSE Use to refer to the past or to talk about something specific that HAS HAPPENED recently. What have you done (recently)? Compound tense (2 parts)

How do you form this tense? Use the helping verb + the PAST participle of a verb HABER + past participle he hemos has habéis ha han

What’s a participle? A participle of a verb is often equal to the English ending –ed. It can be used as an ADJECTIVE or in a COMPOUND VERB formation with the verbs ser or estar. In this case you MUST make it agree (m, f, s, p) (See pg. 295) Use the following endings: AR verbs --- ado IR & ER verbs --- ido

Past participle examples: Hablar --- hablado Comer --- comido Vivir --- vivido Empezar --- empezado Pasar --- pasado Visitar --- visitado Jugar --- jugado Rugir --- rugido Notice how these are simple, nothing to it. You should be able to handle any regular verb. However there are irregulars in this form!

Los irregulares en el participle Abrir --- abierto Cubrir --- cubierto Decir --- dicho Escribir --- escrito Hacer --- hecho Morir --- muerto Poner --- puesto Romper --- roto Ver --- visto Volver --- vuelto Ir --- ido Leer --- leído (accent) Oír --- oído (accent) Traer --- traído (accent) Pgs 288 en ch. 7

Practicamos. . . I have eaten. Yo he comido. She has bought. Ella ha comprado. We have heard. Nosotros hemos oído. You have said. Tú has dicho. They have studied. Ellos han estudiado. He has lied. El has mentido. You all have gone. Uds. Han ido. I have showered. Yo me he duchado.

Past Perfect Tense -Simular to the Present Perfect Tense -Compound tense (2 parts) -Describes an event that HAD HAPPENED prior to another past event. Señora, Eso es más facil! Tú eres más Inteligente!!

To form. . . Haber + past participle Había Habías Había + ~ado, ~ ido Habíamos Habían (same irregulars as the present perfect)

Para practicar. . . We had gone. Nosotros habíamos ido. They had lived. Ellos habían vivido. She had studied. Ella había estudiado. You had written. Tú habías escrito.