Entrada En por lo menos cinco oraciones, describan que piensan de la película “Ladrón que roba a ladrón” y porque. Estén listos para compartir sus opniones.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Entrada En por lo menos cinco oraciones, describan que piensan de la película “Ladrón que roba a ladrón” y porque. Estén listos para compartir sus opniones con la clase.

el subjuntivo All too frequently, the topic of the subjunctive is made far more difficult than is necessary. Let's try a slightly different approach, with the goal of making this topic less troublesome.

el subjuntivo The subjunctive is not a tense; rather, it is a mood. Tense refers to when an action takes place (past, present, future), while mood merely reflects how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood is rarely used in English, but it is widely used in Spanish.

el subjuntivo Here are some examples of the subjunctive being used in English: –The doctor recommends that he take the pills with food. Subjunctive conjugation: he take –The law requires that you be 18 years old to vote. Subjunctive conjugation: you be –If I were a rich man, I wouldn't have to work hard. Subjunctive conjugation: I were

el subjuntivo The indicative mood is used to express factual information, certainty, and objectivity. –Usted va al Perú en diciembre. –You are going to Peru in December. The above sentence merely reports the fact that you are going to Peru in December, so the indicative mood is used.

el subjuntivo Let's change the above example slightly: –No dudo que usted va al Perú en diciembre. –I don't doubt that you are going to Peru in December. In the above sentence, the clause "no dudo" introduces a quality of certainty, -- the speaker has no doubt, so the indicative mood is used in the second clause (va) as well as the first (no dudo).

el subjuntivo Let's make another slight change to our example: –Dudo que usted vaya al Perú en diciembre. –I doubt that you are going to Peru in December. In the above sentence, the clause "dudo" introduces a quality of uncertainty, -- the speaker does have doubt, so here the subjunctive mood is used in the second clause (vaya).

el subjuntivo The subjunctive mood is used to express everything except certainty and objectivity: things like doubt, uncertainty, subjectivity, etc. –Yo dudo que usted vaya al Perú en diciembre. –I doubt that you are going to Peru in December. Since the above statement does not express certainty, the subjunctive (vaya) is required in the second clause.

el subjuntivo The difference between indicative and subjunctive is the difference between certainty/objectivity (indicative) and possibility/subjectivity (subjunctive). Indicative: John goes to the store. (This sentence merely states the certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Indicative: I know that John goes to the store. (The clause "I know" tells us that the speaker feels that it is a certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Indicative: There is no doubt that John goes to the store. (The clause "there is no doubt" tells us that the speaker feels that it is a certain, objective fact that John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Subjunctive: I want John to go to the store. (The clause "I want" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Subjunctive: I hope that John goes to the store. (The clause "I hope" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Subjunctive: It is possible that John will go to the store. (The clause "it is possible" tells us that the speaker feels that there is uncertainty as to whether John goes to the store.)

el subjuntivo Subjunctive: It's good that John goes to the store. (The clause "it's good" alerts us that the speaker is about to express a subjective opinion.)

el subjuntivo Subjunctive: It's important that John goes to the store. (The clause "it's important" alerts us that the speaker is about to express a subjective opinion.)

el subjuntivo In learning to use the subjunctive, it is quite helpful if one can first recognize such clauses. The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive:

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: a menos que... unless... antes (de) que... before... con tal (de) que... provided that... cuando... when... conviene que... it is advisable that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: después (de) que... after... dudar que... to doubt that... en caso de que... in case... en cuanto... as soon as... es aconsejable que... it's advisable that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: es bueno que... it's good that... es difícil que... it's unlikely that... es dudoso que... it is doubtful that... es fácil que... it's likely that... es fantástico que... it's fantastic that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: es importante que... it's important that... es imposible que... it's impossible that... es improbable que... it's unlikely that... es incierto que... it's uncertain that... es increíble que... it's incredible that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: es (una) lástima que... it's a pity that... es malo que... it's bad that... es mejor que... it's better that... es menester que... it's necessary that... es necesario que... it's necessary that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: esperar que... to wish that... es posible que... it's possible that... es preciso que... it's necessary that... es preferible que... it's preferable that... es probable que... it's probable that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: es raro que... it's rare that... es ridículo que... it's ridiculous that... estar contento que to be happy that... es terrible que... it's terrible that... hasta que... until...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: insistir en que... to insist that... mandar que... to order that... más vale que... it's better that... mientras que... while... negar que... to deny that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: no creer que... not to believe that... no es cierto que... it's not certain that... no estar convencido de que... to not be convinced that... no estar seguro de que... to not be sure that... no es verdad que... it's not true that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: no imaginarse que... to not imagine that... no parecer que... to not seem that... no pensar que... to not think that... no suponer que... to not suppose that... ojalá que... if only he would...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: para que... in order that... pedir que... to ask that... preferir que... to prefer that... prohibir que... to prohibit that... puede ser que... it may be that...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: querer que... to want that... recomendar que... to recommend that... rogar que... to plead that... sentir que... to regret that... sin que... without...

el subjuntivo The following is a list of clauses commonly associated with the use of the subjunctive: sugerir que... to suggest that... tan pronto como... as soon as... temer que... to fear that... tener miedo de que... to be afraid that...

el subjuntivo As you can see, the list is quite long, and this isn't even a complete list! There are even more expressions that trigger use of the subjunctive that we haven't included. Instead of trying to memorize such a long list, why not familiarize yourself with a much shorter list of expressions with which the subjunctive is not used?

el indicativo The following is a list of clauses NOT associated with the use of the subjunctive: creer que... to believe that... no dudar que... to not doubt that... es cierto que... it is certain that... es claro que... it is clear that... es evidente que... it is certain that...

el indicativo The following is a list of clauses NOT associated with the use of the subjunctive: es obvio que... it is obvious that... estar seguro que... to be sure that... es verdad que... it is true that... no cabe duda que... there's no doubt that... no es dudoso que... it is not doubtful that... no hay duda que... there is no doubt that...

el subjuntivo For most verbs, the present subjunctive is formed by following these three steps: 1.Start with the yo form of the present indicative. 2.Then drop the -o ending. 3.Finally, add the following endings: –-ar verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en –-er and -ir verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

el subjuntivo Regular -ar verbs like hablar (yo hablo). –hablo - o = habl –habl + e = hable –habl + es = hables –habl + e = hable –habl + emos = hablemos –habl + éis = habléis –habl + en = hablen

el subjuntivo Regular -er verbs like comer (yo como). –como - o = com –com + a = coma –com + as = comas –com + a = coma –com + amos = comamos –com + áis = comáis –com + an = coman

el subjuntivo The formula also works for verbs that have irregular "yo" forms in the present indicative. Study these examples: conocer (yo conozco) conozco - o = conozc –conozc + a = conozca –conozc + as = conozcas –conozc + a = conozca –conozc + amos = conozcamos –conozc + áis = conozcáis –conozc + an = conozcan

el subjuntivo tener (yo tengo) tengo - o = teng –teng + a = tenga –teng + as = tengas –teng + a = tenga –teng + amos = tengamos –teng + áis = tengáis –teng + an = tengan

el subjuntivo salir (yo salgo) salgo - o = salg –salg + a = salga –salg + as = salgas –salg + a = salga –salg + amos = salgamos –salg + áis = salgáis –salg + an = salgan

el subjuntivo For -ar and -er stem-changing verbs, the formula applies except that there is no stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Study these examples: pensar (yo pienso) pienso - o = piens –piens + e = piense –piens + es = pienses –piens + e = piense –pens + emos = pensemos –pens + éis = penséis –piens + en = piensen

el subjuntivo perder (yo pierdo) pierdo - o = pierd –pierd + a = pierda –pierd + as = pierdas –pierd + a = pierda –perd + amos = perdamos –perd + áis = perdáis –pierd + an = pierdan

el subjuntivo contar (yo cuento) cuento - o = cuent –cuent + e = cuente –cuent + es = cuentes –cuent + e = cuente –cont + emos = contemos –cont + éis = contéis –cuent + en = cuenten

el subjuntivo volver (yo vuelvo) vuelvo - o = vuelv –vuelv + a = vuelva –vuelv + as = vuelvas –vuelv + a = vuelva –volv + amos = volvamos –volv + áis = volváis –vuelv + an = vuelvan

el subjuntivo For -ir stem-changing verbs, the formula applies except that the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i. Study these examples: dormir (yo duermo) duermo - o = duerm –duerm + a = duerma –duerm + as = duermas –duerm + a = duerma –durm + amos = durmamos –durm + áis = durmáis –duerm + an = duerman

el subjuntivo sentir (yo siento) siento - o = sient –sient + a = sienta –sient + as = sientas –sient + a = sienta –sint + amos = sintamos –sint + áis = sintáis –sient + an = sientan

el subjuntivo pedir (yo pido) pido - o = pid –pid + a = pida –pid + as = pidas –pid + a = pida –pid + amos = pidamos –pid + áis = pidáis –pid + an = pidan

el subjuntivo Remember, pronunciation comes first. Spelling merely reflects the way a word is pronounced. Here are the rules for the orthographic changes in the present subjunctive: For verbs that end in -zar, the z changes to c when it comes before the letter e. –empezar (e:ie) –empiece –empieces –empiece –empecemos –empecéis –empiecen

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -ger or -gir, the g changes to j when it comes before the letter a. escoger –escoja –escojas –escoja –escojamos –escojáis –escojan

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -guir, the gu changes to g when it comes before the letter a. seguir (e:i) –siga –sigas –siga –sigamos –sigáis –sigan

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -car, the c changes to qu when it comes before the letter e. buscar –busque –busques –busque –busquemos –busquéis –busquen

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -gar, the g changes to gu when it comes before the letter e. pagar –pague –pagues –pague –paguemos –paguéis –paguen

La entrada Escriban una lista de los verbos siguientes en el subjuntivo: Aprender Cenar Compartir Poner Comenzar

el subjuntivo Regular -ar verbs like hablar (yo hablo). –hablo - o = habl –habl + e = hable –habl + es = hables –habl + e = hable –habl + emos = hablemos –habl + éis = habléis –habl + en = hablen

el subjuntivo Regular -er verbs like comer (yo como). –como - o = com –com + a = coma –com + as = comas –com + a = coma –com + amos = comamos –com + áis = comáis –com + an = coman

el subjuntivo The formula also works for verbs that have irregular "yo" forms in the present indicative. Study these examples: conocer (yo conozco) conozco - o = conozc –conozc + a = conozca –conozc + as = conozcas –conozc + a = conozca –conozc + amos = conozcamos –conozc + áis = conozcáis –conozc + an = conozcan

el subjuntivo tener (yo tengo) tengo - o = teng –teng + a = tenga –teng + as = tengas –teng + a = tenga –teng + amos = tengamos –teng + áis = tengáis –teng + an = tengan

el subjuntivo salir (yo salgo) salgo - o = salg –salg + a = salga –salg + as = salgas –salg + a = salga –salg + amos = salgamos –salg + áis = salgáis –salg + an = salgan

el subjuntivo For -ar and -er stem-changing verbs, the formula applies except that there is no stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Study these examples: pensar (yo pienso) pienso - o = piens –piens + e = piense –piens + es = pienses –piens + e = piense –pens + emos = pensemos –pens + éis = penséis –piens + en = piensen

el subjuntivo perder (yo pierdo) pierdo - o = pierd –pierd + a = pierda –pierd + as = pierdas –pierd + a = pierda –perd + amos = perdamos –perd + áis = perdáis –pierd + an = pierdan

el subjuntivo contar (yo cuento) cuento - o = cuent –cuent + e = cuente –cuent + es = cuentes –cuent + e = cuente –cont + emos = contemos –cont + éis = contéis –cuent + en = cuenten

el subjuntivo volver (yo vuelvo) vuelvo - o = vuelv –vuelv + a = vuelva –vuelv + as = vuelvas –vuelv + a = vuelva –volv + amos = volvamos –volv + áis = volváis –vuelv + an = vuelvan

el subjuntivo For -ir stem-changing verbs, the formula applies except that the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i. Study these examples: dormir (yo duermo) duermo - o = duerm –duerm + a = duerma –duerm + as = duermas –duerm + a = duerma –durm + amos = durmamos –durm + áis = durmáis –duerm + an = duerman

el subjuntivo sentir (yo siento) siento - o = sient –sient + a = sienta –sient + as = sientas –sient + a = sienta –sint + amos = sintamos –sint + áis = sintáis –sient + an = sientan

el subjuntivo pedir (yo pido) pido - o = pid –pid + a = pida –pid + as = pidas –pid + a = pida –pid + amos = pidamos –pid + áis = pidáis –pid + an = pidan

el subjuntivo pedir (yo pido) pido - o = pid –pid + a = pida –pid + as = pidas –pid + a = pida –pid + amos = pidamos –pid + áis = pidáis –pid + an = pidan

el subjuntivo Remember, pronunciation comes first. Spelling merely reflects the way a word is pronounced. Here are the rules for the orthographic changes in the present subjunctive: For verbs that end in -zar, the z changes to c when it comes before the letter e. –empezar (e:ie) –empiece –empieces –empiece –empecemos –empecéis –empiecen

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -ger or -gir, the g changes to j when it comes before the letter a. escoger –escoja –escojas –escoja –escojamos –escojáis –escojan

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -guir, the gu changes to g when it comes before the letter a. seguir (e:i) –siga –sigas –siga –sigamos –sigáis –sigan

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -car, the c changes to qu when it comes before the letter e. buscar –busque –busques –busque –busquemos –busquéis –busquen

el subjuntivo For verbs that end in -gar, the g changes to gu when it comes before the letter e. pagar –pague –pagues –pague –paguemos –paguéis –paguen

¡Batalla de conjugación verbal! Cuatro estudiantes vienen al pizarrón para competir en un juego para ver quién sabe mejor las conjugaciones.

el subjuntivo Hoy van a aprender de los verbos irregulares en el presente del subjuntivo.

el subjuntivo dar - to give –dé –des –dé –demos –deis –den

el subjuntivo estar - to be –esté –estés –esté –estemos –estéis –estén

el subjuntivo haber - to have (auxiliary verb) –haya –hayas –haya –hayamos –hayáis –hayan

el subjuntivo ir - to go –vaya –vayas –vaya –vayamos –vayáis –vayan

el subjuntivo saber - to know –sepa –sepas –sepa –sepamos –sepáis –sepan

el subjuntivo ser - to be –sea –seas –sea –seamos –seáis –sean

el deseo Ustedes ya saben que los deseos requieren el subjuntivo. Requiere el subjuntivo porque no hay certeza si todos están de acuerdo o si es un deseo que una persona haga algo no sabemos si o no la persona lo vaya a hacer.

el deseo Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: esperar que to wish that... insistir en que... to insist that... mandar que... to order that... preferir que... to prefer that...

el deseo Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: prohibir que... to prohibit that... querer que... to want that... es aconsejable que... it's advisable that... es necesario que... it's necessary that...

el deseo Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: pedir que... to ask that... recomendar que... to recommend that... rogar que... to plead that... sugerir que... to suggest that...

Tarea Paquete con ejercicios de practica con los deseos.

dé vayamos sea vengas pongamos tengas se caigan digamos vayan conozca estén sepa traigan vea salga haya oiga haga sepas demos

traiga tenga haya veamos huéspedes subir abran dé bajar funcione venga paguen se caigan ponga cambiar

Mi mamá quiere que yo vaya a OU, pero quiero ir a NYU. Espero que tengas un gran fin de semana. Ella insiste en que vengamos a su fiesta. Deseo que podamos ir mañana. Recomiendo que sepan el vocabulario antes del examen.

Quiero que el maletero traiga más toallas. Recomiendo que huespedes en aquel hotel nuevo. El recepcionista necesita que yo escriba mi dirección.

Espero que tengas la llave. Ojalá que nuestro hotel sea de cinco estrellas. Prefiero que tú traigas las maletas a nuestro cuarto. Deseo quedarme en un hotel con una piscina. Sugiero que vengas conmigo a México. El maestro insiste en que hagamos nuestra tarea.

La madre insiste en que su hijo se ponga sus guantes. Ojalá que no haya una tormenta hoy. Necesitas salir para la escuela pronto.

Sugiero que ustedes vayan a Costa Rica para las vacaciones. Espero que los auxiliares de vuelo sean simpáticos. Quiero que esté nublado. Juan prefiere que haga sol y calor. Deseamos que no haga viento hoy. Esperamos que Jaime no tenga vergüenza/esté avergonzado.

la duda/ignorancia Cuando la clausa principal de una oración expresa duda o ignorancia (es decir que no sabe algo), el verbo en la segunda clausa tiene que ser en el subjuntivo.

la duda/ignorancia Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: dudar que... to doubt that... es dudoso que... it is doubtful that... es improbable que... it's unlikely that... es incierto que... it's uncertain that...

la duda/ignorancia Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: es posible que... it's possible that... no creer que... not to believe that... no es cierto que... it's not certain that... no estar convencido de que... to not be convinced that...

la duda/ignorancia Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: no estar seguro de que... to not be sure that... no parecer que... to not seem that... no pensar que... to not think that... no suponer que... to not suppose that...

la duda/ignorancia Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: puede ser que... it may be that... negar que... to deny that... no es verdad que... it's not true that... no es cierto que... it's not certain that...

la duda/ignorancia Todas de estas frases expresan deseos y requieren que el verbo en la segunda clausa sea en el subjuntivo: no imaginarse que... to not imagine that... temer que... to suspect that...

la duda/ignorancia Recuerden! Las frases que expresan certeza requieren el indicativo, como estas frases: no dudo que... to not doubt that... estar seguro de que... to be certain that... creer que... to think that... no negar que... to not deny that... es verdad que... it's true that...

naden hables vivan estudia

sea estemos sea vaya haya soy

sea dirija tenga pase ama perdamos

sea vaya están trabaje

expresiones impersonales Here is a list of common impersonal expressions that introduce an aspect of uncertainty or subjectivity, and therefore trigger the use of the subjunctive. You will notice that there is some overlap with other lessons. That is, you may see some of these impersonal expressions in other subjunctive lessons, as well.

expresiones impersonales conviene que... it is advisable that... es aconsejable que... it is advisable that... es bueno que... it's good that... es difícil que... it's unlikely that... es dudoso que... it's doubtful that... es fácil que... it's likely that... es fantástico que... it's fantastic that...

expresiones impersonales es importante que... it's important that... es imposible que... it's impossible that... es improbable que... it's unlikely that... es incierto que... it's uncertain that... es increíble que... it's incredible that... es (una) lástima que... it's a shame that...

expresiones impersonales es malo que... it's bad that... es mejor que... it's better that... es menester que... it's necessary that... es necesario que... it's necessary that... es posible que... it's possible that... es preciso que... it's necessary that...

expresiones impersonales es preferible que... it's preferable that... es probable que... it's likely that... es raro que... it's rare that... es ridículo que... it's ridiculous that... es terrible que... it's terrible that... más vale que... it's better that... ojalá que... if only he would...

la duda/ignorancia Remember, there are also impersonal expressions that trigger the use of the indicative mood, since they introduce a quality of certainty or objectivity. Here's a partial list of such expressions that we will mix into the practice exercises for this lesson, just to keep you on your toes! expresiones impersonales

la duda/ignorancia es evidente que... it is certain that... es obvio que... it is obvious that... es verdad que... it's true that... no es dudoso que... it is not doubtful that... no hay duda que... there is no doubt that... expresiones impersonales es cierto que... it is certain that... es claro que... it is clear that... es evidente que... it is certain that... es obvio que... it is obvious that... es verdad que... it is true that...

compren corra quiera gustan

lean tengan viva llueva reunamos

compremos hablen bese amen guste

hablen vengan gusta coma

comuniquesea

la duda/ignorancia expresiones impersonales conviene que... it is advisable that... es aconsejable que... it is advisable that... es bueno que... it's good that... es difícil que... it's unlikely that... es dudoso que... it's doubtful that... es fácil que... it's likely that... es fantástico que... it's fantastic that... es importante que... it's important that... es imposible que... it's impossible that... es improbable que... it's unlikely that... es incierto que... it's uncertain that... es increíble que... it's incredible that... es (una) lástima que... it's a shame that... es malo que... it's bad that... es mejor que... it's better that... es menester que... it's necessary that... es necesario que... it's necessary that... es posible que... it's possible that... es preciso que... it's necessary that... es ridículo que... it's ridiculous that... es terrible que... it's terrible that...

estudie duermes pierdan hace comemos pienses asistan recibir siga leemos jueguen tenga cierres

llueva discutan hable vayamos cantes nadamos creas pueda traiga cae comer nade

Es aconsejable que reduzcamos el desperdicio. Es necesario que traigas la cámara para sacar fotos. Es importante que lleguen a tiempo. Es menester que hagamos la tarea.

Es conviene que coma comida sana. Es difícil que él piense en los demás. Es malo que los chicos jueguen los videojuegos todo el tiempo. Es aconsejable que protejamos el planeta. Es importante que yo escriba notas en la clase. Es bueno que tú des buen consejo a tus amigos.

acciones incompletas Muchas veces cuando se habla de una acción que es incompleta se utiliza el subjuntivo. El subjuntivo muestra duda o incerteza porque no sabemos por seguro que la acción va a ser completado. Ej: Saldremos cuando ella llegue.

acciones incompletas a menos que... unless... antes (de) que... before... con tal (de) que... provided that... cuando... when... después (de) que... after... en caso de que... in case...

acciones incompletas en cuanto... as soon as... hasta que... until... mientras que... while... para que... so that... sin que... without... tan pronto como... as soon as...

acciones incompletas Important! The previously mentioned expressions do not always invoke the subjunctive. They only do so when they indicate that the expression that follows has not yet been completed. Ej: Siempre tengo que usar el baño cuando bebo mucho. De vez en cuando la banda toca una canción después de que el equipo gana un gol.

la duda/ignorancia Remember, there are also impersonal expressions that trigger the use of the indicative mood, since they introduce a quality of certainty or objectivity. Here's a partial list of such expressions that we will mix into the practice exercises for this lesson, just to keep you on your toes! expresiones impersonales

la duda/ignorancia es evidente que... it is certain that... es obvio que... it is obvious that... es verdad que... it's true that... no es dudoso que... it is not doubtful that... no hay duda que... there is no doubt that... expresiones impersonales es cierto que... it is certain that... es claro que... it is clear that... es evidente que... it is certain that... es obvio que... it is obvious that... es verdad que... it is true that...

vayas llegue vengas lleguen

corte vayamos apague regreses prepares

enfrie llegue lloren lleguen está

abra obtenga quiere tenga

termine habla

la duda/ignorancia Para el resto de la hora, ustedes tienen que hacer un proyectito. Tienen que buscar 4 imagines de las revistas disponibles, cortar y ponerlas en hojas de papel separadas, y crear dos oraciones para cada uno que utilizan el subjuntivo. Cada imagen tiene que demostrar un aspecto del subjuntivo: –el deseo –la duda/ignorancia –expresiones impersonales –acciones incompletas proyectito

el deseo Deseo/Quiero que haga sol y calor en enero. Recomiendo/Sugiero que vayas a Florida durante el invierno

la duda/ignorancia Dudo que ella esté alegre ahora mismo. No es cierto que su novio sea buen hombre.

expresiones impersonales Es mejor que se duche o se bañe pronto. Es bueno que el niño se divierta.

acciones incompletas Iremos a la fiesta cuando ella termine. Ella se maquillará cuando su hermano termine en el baño

la duda/ignorancia Para el resto de la hora, ustedes tienen que hacer un proyectito. Tienen que buscar 4 imagines de las revistas disponibles, cortar y ponerlas en ojas de papel separadas, y crear dos oraciones para cada uno que utilizan el subjuntivo. Cada imagen tiene que demostrar un aspecto del subjuntivo: –el deseo –la duda/ignorancia –expresiones impersonales –acciones incompletas proyectito