Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect tense He buceado y he corrido las olas. Tú y yo hemos jugado al vólibol. He esquiado en el agua, pero no he corrido las olas. Suggestions for use Have students review Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect tense before class. Read this brief passage to the class while pointing to the words in blue. Point out the title, Desribing recent actions, events and conditions, and then ask the class if they can give a simple English translation, keeping this title in mind. After discussing the translation you can explain that Spanish speakers use the present perfect to express ideas such as I have skied but I haven’t surfed. Note Students can always refer to Appendix A: QuickGuide to English Grammar to learn more about grammatical terms.

Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect tense used to describe what has and has not happened recently Yo he comido. I have eaten. Nosotros hemos estudiado mucho. We have studied a lot lately. Suggestions for use Use slides 7–12 to present the present perfect. These slides present various points related to the proper use of the present perfect, its structure, irregular forms, and pronunciation. When there are examples in Spanish or English, ask the class for translation by drawing the students’ attention to the points mentioned in the slide. These points are meant to help students apply these concepts to speaking and using the present progressive in Spanish. Remember not to show the translation of the sentence until you hear it from the students. Note Point out to the students that the verb that is conjugated is not comer or estudiar but a form of haber. Remember to keep in mind that students will not need to take notes on all of the information in the slides. You can decide and inform the class as to what information should and should not be written down. It is most important for the students to understand the concepts and to focus on the information that you decide is most important.

Present perfect vs. preterite Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect tense Present perfect vs. preterite preterite action time-specific, beginning or completed action in the past Yo comí a las 7:00. present perfect merely establishes that an action has taken place sometime in the recent past Yo he comido. Suggestions for use Use slides 7–12 to present the present perfect. Theses slide present various points related to the proper use of the present perfect, its structure, and irregular forms. When there are examples in Spanish or English, ask the class for translation by drawing the students’ attention to the points mentioned in the slide. These points are meant to help students apply these concepts to speaking and using the present progressive in Spanish. Remember not to show the translation of the sentence until you hear it from the students. Note Make sure students understand the difference in meaning between the first and the second Spanish sentence so they can distinguish the preterite and the present perfect. It is at your discretion whether you want students to write down these concepts in their notes.

How to form the present perfect haber (to have) auxiliary verb haber + past participle formation of the present participle (verb stem + past participle ending*) based on infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) of the participle verb Suggestions for use Use slides 7–12 to present the present perfect. These slides present various points related to the proper use of the present perfect, its structure, and irregular forms. When there are examples in Spanish or English, ask the class for translation by drawing the students’ attention to the points mentioned in the slide. These points are meant to help students apply these concepts to speaking and using the present progressive in Spanish. Remember not to show the translation of the sentence until you hear it from the students. Note Remind students that they learned how to form the present progressive participle with the verb estar. The process for forming the past participle is similar to the present progressive except that it requires different participle endings.

How to form the present perfect has ha hemos habeis han ado ido habl com viv } + Suggestions for use Use slides 7–12 to present the present perfect. These slides present various points related to the proper use of the present perfect, its structure, and irregular forms. With examples in Spanish or English, ask the class for translation by drawing the students’ attention to the points mentioned in the slide. These points are meant to help students apply different concepts to speaking and using the present progressive in Spanish. Remember not to show the translation of the sentence until you hear it from the students. Note Take advantage of the slide animations and transitions that demonstrate the formation of the present progressive. You can use these animations by asking the students for the correct forms of the participle and then showing them the correct answers. To form the past participle, add the following to the stem -ar -er/-ir ado ido

Present perfect: puntos especiales Past participles with accent marks several -er and -ir verbs like leer, creer, traer I have read the book. Yo he leído el libro. ¡A traducir! I have arrived. We haven’t studied. Have you worked today? They have brought the food. Yo he llegado. No hemos estudiado. ¿Has trabajado hoy? Han traído la comida. Suggestions for use Use slides 7–12 to present the present perfect. These slides present various points related to the proper use of the present perfect, its structure, and irregular forms. With examples in Spanish or English, ask the class for translation by drawing the students’ attention to the points mentioned in the slide. These points are meant to help students apply different concepts to speaking and using the present progressive in Spanish. Remember not to show the translation of the sentence until you hear it from the students. Note The English translations can be done as a class or in groups. If you feel that the students can use more time learning and pronouncing the structures, you may want to have them work in small groups where one person writes while the other speaks. Follow up by having the students read their sentences with the conjugations to the class.

Present perfect: puntos especiales Irregular past participles Infinitive Past participle abrir decir escribir hacer morir poner ver volver abierto dicho escrito hecho muerto puesto visto vuelto Suggestion for use Have students pronounce the irregular past participles. Tell students that it is important that they spend a little extra time with irregular participles since they are more likely to forget them.