By Leah, Amanda, Drew, Kelsey, Kristyn, and Nina

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Transcripción de la presentación:

By Leah, Amanda, Drew, Kelsey, Kristyn, and Nina El Subjuntivo By Leah, Amanda, Drew, Kelsey, Kristyn, and Nina

What is the Subjunctive? The subjunctive in Spanish is COMPLETELY different than the subjunctive in English Forget EVERYTHING you know about the English subjunctive when learning the Spanish subjunctive! El subjuntivo is a MOOD not a TENSE; there are THREE moods: El Modo Indicativo (Indicative: “I studied for the test.”) El Modo Imperativo (Imperative: “Study for the test.”) El Modo Subjuntivo (Subjunctive: “It is necessary that I study for the test.”) Leah

El Modo Subjuntivo The subjunctive expresses: Doubt . Uncertainty . Desires s Possibility . There are three tenses you will see of the subjunctive in this presentation: Present . Imperfect . Pluperfect . Leah

Why Learn the Subjunctive? The subjunctive is IMPORTANT to learn because: 1. In conversation, it is very uncommon to speak purely in facts! How often does a conversation consist of statements like, “My car is red. I drove it down the street. I stopped at the light.”? 2. The subjunctive is cumulative of every tense and mood you have learned in Spanish so far. We study it last because you need a combination of all the grammar concepts to form the subjunctive correctly! Leah

How to Form the Subjunctive Present Subjunctive: Take the first person singular conjugation of the present indicative. Take off the –o ending. Add the endings for the present subjunctive conjugation: -AR -ER/-IR -e -emos -a -amos -es -éis -as -áis -e -en -a -an Example: HABLAR 1. hablo hablamos hablas habláis habla hablan 2. habl- 3. Hable hablemos hables habléis hable hablen Amanda

How to Form the Subjunctive Imperfect Subjunctive: Take the third person plural conjugation of the preterit indicative. Take off the –on ending. Add the endings for the imperfect subjunctive conjugation: -AR/ -ER/ -IR -a -amos -as -ais -a -an Example: ESCRIBIR 1. escribí escribimos escribiste escribisteis escribió escribieron 2. escribier- 3. escribiera escribiéramos escribieras escribierais escribiera escribieran Amanda

How to Form the Subjunctive Pluperfect Subjunctive: Take the imperfect subjunctive of the verb haber… hubiera hubiéramos hubieras hubieráis hubiera hubieran 2. Add the past participle of the verb. (-ado, -ido, or irregular) Example: VER hubiera visto hubiéramos visto hubieras visto hubieráis visto hubiera visto hubieran visto Amanda

Don’t Forget About Irregular and Stem-Changing Verbs! Present Subjunctive: DAR IR HABER * These are irregular Dé vaya haya and must be Des vayas hayas memorized! Dé vaya haya Demos vayamos hayamos Deis vayáis hayáis Den vayan hayan ESTAR SABER SER Esté sepa sea Estés sepas seas Estemos sepamos seamos Estéis sepáis seáis Estén sepan sean Amanda

Don’t Forget About Irregular and Stem-Changing Verbs! Present Subjunctive: HACER hago CONSTRUIR construyo CONOCER conozco Haga construya conozca Hagas construyas conozcas * These are irregular Haga construya conozca throughout! Hagamos construyamos conozcamos Hagáis construyáis conozcáis Hagan construyan conozcan Others may include: Oír: oigo-oiga Venir: vengo-venga Salir: salgo-salga Ver: veo-vea Tener: tengo-tenga Concluir: concluyo-concluya Amanda

Don’t Forget About Irregulars and Stem-Changing Verbs! Present Subjunctive: These are stem-changing verbs! -IR stem changing verbs will HALF stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms PENSAR (ie) SENTIR (ie, i) PEDIR (i) Piense sienta pida Pienses sientas pidas Pensemos sintamos pidamos Penséis sintáis pidáis Piensen sientan pidan VOLVER (ue) DORMIR (ue, u) REPITIR (i) Vuelva duerma repita Vuelvas duermas repitas Volvamos durmamos repitamos Volváis durmáis repitáis Vuelvan duerman repitan Amanda

Don’t Forget About Endings That Change as Well! Present Subjunctive: ENDING EXAMPLE CHANGE BEFORE EXAMPLES -car buscar cqu e busque -gar llegar ggu e llegue -zar gozar zc e goce -guar averiguar gugü e averigüe -ger coger gj a coja -gir dirigir gj a dirija -guir distinguir gug a distinga Vowel + -cer conocer czc a conozca Consonant + -cer vencer cz a venza Amanda

Don’t Forget About Irregular Verbs! Imperfect Subjunctive: INFINITIVE PRETERITE IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE Tener tuvieron tuviera Ir fueron fuera Caber cupieron cupiera * Any verbs that are irregular Decir dijeron dijera in the preterit tense will be Traer trajeron trajera irregular in the Hacer hicieron hiciera imperfect subjunctive as well. Poder pudieron pudiera Poner pusieron pusiera Querer quisieron quisiera Saber supieron supiera Haber hubieron hubiera Valer valieron valiera Venir vinieron viniera Dar dieron diera Amanda

Present Subjunctive Practice: Imperfect Subjunctive Practice: Pluperfect Subjunctive Practice Nadar Yo ______________ Tú ______________ Ud. _____________ Nosotros _______________ Vosotros _______________ Uds. ______________ Sentir Nosotros ______________ Vosotros ______________ Uds. ____________ Dar Yo ______________ Tú ______________ Ud. _____________ Nosotros _______________ Vosotros _______________ Uds. ______________ Comer Nosotros ______________ Vosotros ______________ Uds. ____________ Estar Yo _________________ Tú _________________ Ud. ________________ Nosotros ___________________ Vosotros ___________________ Uds. _________________ Comprender Tú __________________ Nosotros __________________ Vosotros __________________ Uds. _______________

Some Irregular/Stem Changing Practice Saber (Present Subjunctive) Yo ______________ Tú ______________ Ud. _____________ Nosotros _______________ Vosotros _______________ Uds. ______________ Haber (Present Subjunctive) Nosotros ______________ Vosotros ______________ Uds. ____________ Caber (Imperfect Subjunctive Dormir (Present Subjunctive) Yo______________ Tú ______________ Ud. _____________ Nosotros _______________ Vosotros _______________ Uds. ______________ Buscar (Present Subjunctive) Yo ______________ Nosotros ______________ Vosotros ______________ Uds. ____________ Querer (Imperfect Subjunctive)

Situaciones en las que encontramos el modo subjuntivo Sujeto 1 + VERBO ESPECIAL + QUE + Sujeto 2 + SUBJUNTIVO! El gobierno manda (present) mandará (future) ha mandado (pres. perfect) mandales (imperative) mandaba (imperfect) mandó (preterite) había mandado (pluperfect) mandaría (conditional) que nosotros volvamos (present Volvamos subjunctive) volvamos volviéramos (imperfect subjunctive) volviéramos Drew

Verbos especiales que requieren el subjuntivo Reacción Emotiva Yo me alegro de que Uds. vengan conmigo. TAMBIÉN: Esperar Temer Tener miedo de Sentir Sorprenderse Estar contento Duda/ Negación No creo que Uds. estén ya de vuelta. TAMBIÉN: Dudar Negar No pensar Creer (en una pregunta) Voluntad El prefiere que ella pague la cuenta. TAMBIÉN: Querer Desear Mandar Exigir Obligar Aconsejar Insistir en Permitir Prohibir Dejar Decir Pedir Drew

Expresiones Impersonales es increíble que ... - it's incredible that ... es (una) lástima que ... - it's a shame that ... es malo que ... - it's bad that ... es mejor que ... - it's better that ... es menester que ... - it's necessary that … es fantástico que ... - it's fantastic that .. conviene que ... it is advisable that ... es aconsejable que ... es bueno que ... it's good that ... es difícil que ... it's unlikely that ... es dudoso que ... it's doubtful that ... es fácil que ... it's likely that ... Ex) Es dificil que nuestro equipo gane el partido.

Situation Practice 1. La chica esperaba que el muchacho le ___________ (invitar) a bailar. 2. Queremos que __________ (haber) galletas. 3. Ella le había escrito la carta para que él ____________ (tener) correo. 4. Yo limpiaría tu cuarto a condicion de que tu ___ ____________ (ayudarse) con mi tarea. 5. La maestra nos manda que nosotros ____________ (leer) los leyes de la escuela. 6. El chico no ha pensado que ____________ (ganar) tanto dinero. 7. Fue lastima que el fantasma les ____________ (decir) mentiras. 8. Descubrirás que él _____________ (no tener) razon.

ALWAYS use a subjunctive with… Conjunctions Used With the Subjunctive ALWAYS use a subjunctive with… Ojalá… Importa que… Quienquiera Ojalá que… Es posible que… (A)dondequiera Tan pronto como… Es probable que… Cuandoquiera En cuanto… Basta que… Cualquier Es necesario que… Para que… Comoquiera Es preciso que… Antes de que… Conviene que… A menos de que… With the expression: Es lástima que… En caso de que… Por + adj/adv + QUE + Subjunctive Parece mentira que… A no ser que… No parece que… A condición de que… Es dudoso que… Con tal de que… Más vale que… Sin que… Kelsey

Sometimes use subjunctive with… Conjunctions Used With the Subjunctive Sometimes use subjunctive with… Quizás… Tal vez… ONLY subjunctive if the action hasn’t happened yet: Posiblemente… Tan pronto como… Seguramente… En cuanto… Cuando… Luego que… De manera que… Después de que… Así que… De modo que… Para que… Hasta que… Con tal que… Mientras que… Aunque… Subj: Ellos me pagarán en cuanto reciban el dinero. NOT Subj: Ellos me pagan en cuanto reciben el dinero. Kelsey

Never use subjunctive with… Conjunctions Used With the Subjunctive Never use subjunctive with… No dudar que… Esta claro… Es verdad… Es seguro… Es obvio… Parece… Es cierto… Es evidente… Siempre… Ayer… Creer que… Pensar que… Ex) Es verdad que yo vengo a la escuela cada día. Kelsey

Expressions that Use the Subjunctive: Sea lo que sea. Resulte lo que resulte. (It is what it is.) (What happens, happens.) Digas lo que digas. Tenga lo que tenga. (Say what you like.) (I have what I have.) Kelsey

Practice for When to Use Subjunctive _____ 1. Me gusta que tú __________ (leer) el libro. _____ 2. La profesora manda que los estudiantes __________ (hacer) la tarea. _____ 3. Quienquiera que _______ (ser) no abras la puerta _____ 4. Estábamos contentos que el examen __________ (ser) fácil. _____ 5. Es obvio que ellos ____ ___________ (enamorarse). _____ 6. No se termina hasta que la gorda ___________ (cantar). _____ 7. Sea lo que __________ (ser). _____ 8. En caso de que ellos __________ (volver), cierra la puerta.

“Si” Clauses (sí = yes, pero si = if) Also called “conditional” sentences, but don’t get them confused with the conditional tense! Used to show likely situations, possible situations, and hypothetical situations in the past. We use formulas to help us remember the rules… Kristyn

Si + present  present Si + present  future Si llueve, yo traigo un paraguas. (If it rains, I bring an umbrella.) Si + present  future Si llueve, yo traeré un paraguas. (If it rains, I will bring an umbrella.) **These formulas are used with facts or when an action is likely. Kristyn

SI + imperfect subjunctive  conditional Si tuviera el dinero, viajaría por todo el mundo. (If I had the money, I would travel all around the world.) **This formula is used to show hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present. Example: Si estuviera enfermo, no iría a la escuela. If he were sick, he would not go. Kristyn

SI + pluperfect subjunctive  conditional perfect Si hubiera sabido que va a llover, habría traido un paraguas. (If I had known it was going to rain, I would have brought an umbrella.) **This formula is used to show hypothetical or unlikely situations in the past. More examples Si hubiera tenido el dinero, habría ido al cine. If I had had the money, I would have gone to the movie theater. Si hubiera estudiado mas, el habría sacado buenas notas. If he had studied more, he would have gotten better grades. Kristyn

Practice for “Si” Clauses Si sales, yo _________ (salir) tambien. Si yo fuera tú, _________ (pagar) por los danos. Si no hubieras comido tantas hamburguesas , no __________ (estar) enfermo. Si haces el projecto, __________ (tener) una “A” en la clase. Daremos una caminata si tú ___________ (no cantar). Si tuviera mucho dinero, ____________ (ayudar) a todos los pobres. Si yo hubiera sabido que ayer fue tu compleaños, _____________ (traerse) un regalo. Tomaría un café si __________ (tener) dinero.