CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Proyectos coordinados Inmaculada Ortiz Uribe Departamento de Ingeniería Química yQI.ETSIIyT Universidad de Cantabria. E.mail:

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) , Gestora del Plan Nacional de I+D Medio Ambiente , Gestora de los Programas de I+D “Procesos y productos Químicos” y “Tecnologías Ambientales” , Coordinadora del área Tecnologías Químicas y Ambientales, ANEP Comités internacionales, NATO, , Comité Conjunto Hispano-Norteamericano , INTAS 2010-actualidad IRCSET

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) ¿QUÉ ES UN PROYECTO COORDINADO?

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Subprograma Proyectos de Investigación No orientada, convocatoria 2012, BOE Programa Consolider-Ingenio. BOE Seventh FrameWork Programme. Research for the benefit of SMEs

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Subprograma Proyectos de Investigación No orientada, convocatoria 2012, BOE Recuperación como biogás de la energía de la materia orgánica y los nutrientes del agua residual, acoplando un AnBRM y un cultivo de microalgas

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Subprograma Proyectos de Investigación No orientada, convocatoria 2012, BOE Programa Consolider-Ingenio. BOE Seventh FrameWork Programme. Research for the benefit of SMEs

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) 7 EUROPEAN WATER SCARCITY Source: European Environment Agency

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) DRINKING WATER CAPTURE AND PURIFICATION OF WATER URBAN USES INDUSTRIAL USES AGRICULTURAL USES RECREATIONAL USES ENVIRONMENTAL USES (Aquifer Recharge) WWTP TERTIARY TREATMENT DISCHARGE RECLAIMED WATER

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Tratamiento y Reutilización de Aguas Residuales para una Gestión Sostenible (TRAGUA)” fue seleccionado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia en la convocatoria 2006 de programas CONSOLIDER-INGENIO

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) ESQUEMA DEL MODELO DE GESTIÓN Y COORDINACIÓN DE TRAGUA

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Subprograma Proyectos de Investigación No orientada, convocatoria 2012, BOE Programa Consolider-Ingenio. BOE Seventh FrameWork Programme. Research for the benefit of SMEs

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Towards an Innovative Galvanic Industry Seventh FrameWork Programme. Research for the benefit of SMEs arch-sme_en.html

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Motivation Health and environmental risk The End of Life Vehicle (European Directive 2000/53/CE) Waste electrical and electronic equipment (European Directive 2002/96/CE). Cr 6+ Cr 3+ PASSIVATION

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) SURFACE TREATMENT PROCESSES: ZINC ELECTROPLATING Pre-treatment steps: chemical degreasing, rinse, pickling, etc. Automotive components Electroplated Components Passivated components Zinc Electroplating 1 st Surface Treatment Step Chromium Passivation 2 nd Surface Treatment Step

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Figure 1.1.: Hourly rates European values compared to low wages countries

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Outsourcing: the project offers a solution to the galvanic industry community regarding a European problem. 80% of all metal platers utilize one or more passivating (the last process step in the galvanic line) bath during their daily production. E.g.: in the whole of Europe the production of large low quality galvanized products has decreased enormously, due to the competition of the low wages countries. Therefore technological advance leading to an innovative minded galvanic industry, producing high quality products for industrial sectors within Europe, will assure the continuation of the metal plating industry. The R&D and implementation of EPT is the first most essential step, toward this development. As there are many different new Cr(VI) free passivating liquids, being developed and produced by many chemical suppliers, the compositions of which are different from each other, only a European approach can be successful. The knowledge base and economics of the metal plating community are not strong enough to perform and/or to finance this RTD effort.

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) Spent Passivation Bath Treated bath (Cr 3+, pH=acid) Zn concentrated solution [Cr 3+ ]≈constant [Zn 2+ ]< MAV [Fe 3+ ]< MAV Fe 3+ Zn 2+ EMULSION PERTRACTION PROCESS Recovery of Zn 2+ Removal of Zn 2+ and Fe 3+ Fe 3+ Zn 2+ Dissolution of steel components Dissolution of zinc coatings [Fe] < MAV [Zn] < MAV SPENT PASSIVATION BATH [Fe] > MAV [Zn] > MAV MAV: Maximum acceptable value REGENERATION OF SPENT PASSIVATION BATHS

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) PROCESS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Zinc Electroplating Basic pH Passivation Final fitting-out Regeneration of spent passivation baths by EPT H 2 SO 4 Electrolytic recovery of Zinc ZnSO 4 Recovery of metallic Zinc Surface treatment process Spent passivation bath Regenerated passivation bath Residual Stream: ZnSO 4 in acid media Pre-treatment

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) The scientific objectives are: Develop a modeling theory for mass transfer in the EP process and identify rate limiting steps. The mass transfer for the tramp ions Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ is targeted as 150 mg/h and 4g/h per standard membrane module with 19.6 m 2 membrane area. Determine the mechanisms of extraction, regeneration and selectivity of extractants for existing passivating baths and newly developed Cr(VI) free baths, Zirconium and other Cr(VI) replacements, based baths. The selectivity for Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ is targeted a factor 100 higher then for Cr 3+. Establish the top 3 parameters determining the mechanisms influencing product quality. The technological objectives for the EPT technology and methodology are: Extend the life time of passivating bath and new Cr (VI) free passivating bath liquids from now being 6 – 12 weeks with a factor 10, resulting in a decrease of operational costs. Reduce the current waste quantities from spent passivating baths, by 90%, resulting in a contribution to preservation of the environment. Improve product quality of the passivating operation by reducing off spec products in terms of insufficient corrosion resistance by 90%, leading to a competitive advantage on the world market. The target price of EPT unit, for an average SME, is around € 45,000 to € 60,000. Economical feasible process with a pay back time of less then 1 year.

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC) The Consortium In this project the AGs have connected 4 RTDs with their specific knowledge of EPT technology and plating technologies, a specialized equipment designer and manufacturer and several SME metal plating shops, which apply different types of passivating baths. The technological specifications for EPT will be developed by the RTDs. According to these specs seven pilot installations will be built and demonstrated at the sites of the SMEs. Details for optimization, especially based on feed-back of results by the SMEs, will be supplied to the equipment manufacturer and the SMEs by the RTDs. The AGs will facilitate the RTD ↔ SME actions and discussions. The benefits of EPT will be demonstrated for all passivating operations, and the project results will be transferred to other AGs and SMEs in Europe..

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC)

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC)

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC)

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC)

CANTABRIA CAMPUS INTERNACIONAL, PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN TRANSVERSAL Escuela de Doctorado de la UC (EDUC)