Cómo influencia el currículo el trabajo sobre equidad de género How the curriculum can influence and work with the gender subject Maria Izabel.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Cómo influencia el currículo el trabajo sobre equidad de género How the curriculum can influence and work with the gender subject Maria Izabel Azevedo Noronha President of APEOESP - Trade Union of Public Schools Teachers of Sao Paulo Member of the National Education Council Brasil

Brasil ha dado importantes pasos en el combate a todas las formas de prejuicios, discriminación, particularmente en materia de igualdad desde el 2003: ■ Creación del Secretariado Especial de Derechos Humanos, Mujer y promoción de Equidad Racial. and the Promotion of Racial Equality ■ Combate al racismo, intolerancia religiosa, de geénero y por otras razones. Brasil have been giving very important steps in the combat all forms of prejudice and discrimination, particularly gender, since 2003: ■ Creation of special secretariat of Human Rights, Women and the Promotion of Racial Equality ■ Combat of racism, religious intolerance, gender bias and many other issues

■ Algunas iniciativas: -Ley Maria da Penha -Estatuto sobre Equidad Racial -Cuotas por origen racial para universidades CNTE siempre ha estado al frente de la defensa de estas iniciativas y ha participado en importantes espacios que tocan estos temas a nivel nacional e internacional ■ Some initiatives: -Maria da Penha Law -Racial Equality Statute -Racial quotas for admission to public universities The National Confederation of Education Workers and their unions has always been at the forefront of this fight and participate in initiatives of great importance nationally and internationally. .

Entre varias manifestaciones de intolerancia y prejuicio en Brasil, la discriminación por razón de género se manifiesta fuertemente en todos los ambientes, regiones y clases sociales. Su origen puede encontrarse en la familia y en la escuela. Se expresa en las opciones de juguetes infantiles según el sexo, así como en los roles asignados a niños y niñas según patrones predeterminados de comportamiento. Among various manifestations of intolerance and prejudice in Brazil, gender discrimination manifests itself very strongly in all environments, regions and social classes. Its origin can be found in family and at school. It express oneself already in the choice of toys for children according to their sex. Also children's games in the roles of boys and girls are pre-defined, as well certain patterns of behavior.

El modelo de familia tradicional como un núcleo formado por hombre y mujer se ha instalado en la sociedad brasileña. Otras posibilidades de formas de familia se enienden como “anormales” y son vistas como algo “raro” y rechazadas. Nuestra sociedad tiene dificultad en lidiar las diferencias y la libertad en las decisiones, no sólo en cuanto orientación sexual, sino tmabién en cuanto a política y otros comportamientos. The model family rooted in traditional Brazilian society is that one formed from a nucleus consisting of one man and one woman. Other possibilities for the constitution of the family are thus "abnormal" and they should be viewed with strangeness or rejected. Our society has difficulty in dealing with difference and with freedom of choice, not only in relation to sexual orientation but also in relation to the culture, the politics and the behavior

. La homofobia puede verse como la práctica de rechazo y hostilidad hacia quienes noo se ajustan a un rol socialmente predeterminado según su sexo biológico. La homofobia además se ampara en que hay que defender una forma de sexualidad (heterosexual) y no alguna otra (homosexual). Homophobia can be regarded as rejection and hostility directed to everybody that do not adjust with the role predetermined by their biological sex, based on the promotion of a form of sexuality (hetero) over another (homo) sexuality.

La escuela en la sociedad capitalista tiene la función de regular la socialización de niñas y niños, y su paso de la esfera privada (familia) a la esfera pública. Esto incluye además la formacion intelectual, la disciplina y el modelo de relación con los cuerpos según reglas morales establecidas The school, in capitalist society, has the function of regulating the child's socialization, through its passage of the private sphere (family) into the public sphere – This includes, in addition to intellectual training, disciplining and modeling of the bodies of students according to established moral rules. .

La escuela reproduce las inequidades que son resultado de prácticas sexistas y homofóbicas impuestas desde algunos círculos jerárquicos. El estudio “prejuicios y discriminación en el espacio escolar” (Brasil 2009) muestra que 99.3% de estudiantes, padres, directores, docentes y funcionarios revelan algun tipo de prejucio racial, por status socioeconómico, género, orientacion sexual y por necesidades especiales. The school reproduces the inequalities pointed by the hierarchy of gender keeping sexist and homophobic practices in their inner circle. Research “Prejudice and Discrimination in the School Environment” (Brasil, 2009): 99.3% of students, parents, principals, teachers and employees reveal some kind of racial or ethnic prejudice, socioeconomic status, related to people with special needs, gender, generation, sexual orientation or territorial.

La campaña electoral del 2010: volantes con mensajes xenófobos contra inmigrantes y del Nordeste, así como prejuicios sexistas fueron parte de los ataques contra Dilma Rousseff. Pero la escuela es un espacio privilegiado para promover el reconocimiento y respecto de la diversidad y las diferencias. General election campaign of 2010: xenophobic messages flyers against migrants and people of Northeast and prejudice against women - attacks directed to the candidate Rousseff. But the school is also a privileged space to promote recognition and respect for diversity and differences.

La transformación de esta situación requiere un profundo cambio cultural en las sociedades y las escuelas, que tendrá un papel fundamental en el proceso de: Formacioón inicial y en servicio de docentes en materia de educación sexual. The transformation of this situation requires profound social, cultural and behavioral changes in our society and the school has a fundamental paper in this process: Initial and continuing training of educators - positive outlook on the other, especially in matters of sexuality.

■La revisión permanente del curriculun y la producción, difusión y evaluacion continua de los materiales y enfoques que promuevan contenidos pedagógicamente apropiados. ■ el curriculo escolar, especialmente en segundaria, deben discutir temáticas reales que afectan estudiantes, a la escuela y a la sociedad. ■Permanent curriculum revision and the production, dissemination and continuous evaluation of educational materials and approaches that promote more pedagogically appropriate content. ■The school curriculum, especially that of the high school, need to discuss the real issues that affect students and society - also the reality of the school.

Algunas iniciativas recientes: ■ Conferencia Nacional de Educación Básica en el 2008 ■ conferencia Nacional de Educación en el 2010, que indicó lineamientos para un Plan Nacional de Educación (2011-2020) con respeto a la fiversidad. ■ Ministerio de Educación anuncia que enviarán a las escuelas material que guíe a estudiantes a combatir homofobia y defender los derechos humanos de toda la ciudadanía. Some recent initiatives: ■ National Conference of Basic Education held in 2008 ■ National Conference on Education held in 2010 - indicated the guidelines and basis for the new National Education Plan (2011-2020) - respect for diversity ■ Ministry of Education announced that he will send to schools teaching material to guide students in the fight against homophobia and in defense of human rights guarantees to all citizens.

El Consejo Nacional de Educación elaboró reportes y resoluciones sobre el curriculo escolar que incorpora la lucha contra los prejuicios y la discrimnación, sexismo, homofobia, racismo y xenofobia: ■Lineamientos de un curriculum nacional para Educación Básica educación primaria, para educación de adultos sobre relaciones inter- étnicas, enseñanza de historia de afro-brasileña y africana, educación en comunidades indígenas y en centros carcelarios. The National Council of Education has produced reports and resolutions about the school curriculum incorporating the fight against prejudice and discrimination, sexism, homophobia, racism, xenophobia: ■ National curriculum guidelines for Basic Education, for Elementary Education, for the Youth and Adult Education, for Ethnic and Racial Relations and Teaching of History and Afro-Brazilian and African, for Indian education an for Prision-Education.

■ Los lienamientos para un curriculo de educación superior se están preparando. ■ También está en proceso la elaboración de una nueva Ley de Directivas y Bases para un Sistema Nacional de Edicación, incorporando los avances recientes y propuestas de la sociedad. ■The national curriculum guidelines for high education is being prepared ■It is also in process of elaboration the proposal of a new Law of Directives and Basis for National Education, incorporating recent advances and society proposals.