Present Indicative Yo Changers Spanish 2- Repasos 1

Present Tense (Indicative) The present tense talks about what is happening now at present, happens generally, and what is general fact. Ella juega fútbol. (She plays soccer.)Texas es grande. (Texas is big.) 1) Formation of Regular -AR Verbs Endings:Yo-oNosotros-amos Tú -as Él-aEllos-an Ella-aEllas-an Ud-a Uds-an Example: Bailar (to dance) YobailoNosotrosbailamos Túbailas Él, Ella, UdbailaEllos, Ellas, Udsbailan Examples of other regular -ar verbs are lavar, cantar, hablar, sacar, tomar, llegar, llevar, necesitar, etc. 2

Regular -ER and -IR verbs 2) Regular -ER Verbs Endings: Yo-oNosotros-emos Tú -es Él-eEllos-en Ella-eEllas-en Ud-e Uds-en Example: Comer (to eat) YocomoNosotroscomemos Túcomes Él, Ella, UdcomeEllos, Ellas, Udscomen Other regular -er verbs are aprender, leer, comprender, correr, etc. 3

3) Regular -IR Verbs Endings: Yo-oNosotros-imos Tú -es Él-eEllos-en Ella-eEllas-en Ud-e Uds-en Example: Vivir (to live) YovivoNosotrosvivimos Túvives Él, Ella, UdviveEllos, Ellas, Udsviven Other regular -ir verbs are subir, escribir, repartir, abrir, asistir, etc. *How can you tell which are regular verbs and which are irregular verbs? -There is no magic solution. You have to study and memorize which are which. 4

Some Irregular verbs are: Venir (to come) YovengoNosotrosvenimos Túvienes ÉlEllos EllavieneEllasvienen UdUds Tener (to have) YotengoNosotrostenemos Tútienes ÉlEllos EllatieneEllastienen UdUds *These changes apply for any verb with the above verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc. 5

Irregular Present Tense Verbs The Present Tense has regular verbs, stem-changing verbs, "yo" changers, spelling changers, and completely irregular verbs (meaning they follow no set pattern so they have to be memorized.) 6

Stem-Changing Present Tense Verbs There are 3 classes of stem-changing verbs in the present tense. They are called "stem" changing because the endings remain the same as regular present tense verbs while the body of the verbs experiences a change in all forms except the nosotros. These are sometimes called the "boot" or shoe verbs. *Remember, you must learn which verb make which change. There is no "trick" to know. *These verbs take REGULAR endings! 7

E-IE Querer (to want or love) YoquieroNosotrosqueremos Túquieres ÉlEllos EllaquiereEllasquieren UdUds Other verbs that have the E-IE change are: Cerrar(to close)Perder(to lose) Despertar (to wake up)Empezar(to start) Pensar(to think)Sentar(to sit) Entender(to understand)Preferir(to prefer) Divertir(se)(to have fun)Mentir(to lie) Sentir(to feel) 8

O-UE O-UE Dormir (to sleep) YoduermoNosotrosdormimos Túduermes ÉlEllos ElladuermeEllasduermen UdUds Other verbs that have the O-UE change are: Contar(to count/tell)Volver (to return) Acostarse(to go to bed)Costar(to cost) Recordar(to remember)Jugar(to play) Encontrar(to find)Volar(to fly) Llover(to rain)morir(to die) Poder(to be able to, "can") 9

E-I Pedir (to ask for) YopidoNosotrospedimos Túpides ÉlEllos EllapideEllaspiden UdUds Other verbs that have the E-I change are: Repetir(to repeat)reír(se)(to laugh) Despedir(se)(to say goodbye)Seguir(to follow) Servir(to serve)Sonreír(to smile) Vestir(se)(to get dressed) 10

"YO" Changers in the Present Tense (NEW) The following verbs only have an irregularity in the "yo" form. All forms other than "yo" follow regular present tense endings/rules with no spelling irregularities. They can be divided into 3 categories: Z,G, and Extras. 11

Z (vowel + -cer or –cir) Conocer (to know someone) YoconozcoNosotros conocemos Túconoces ÉlEllos EllaconoceEllasconocen UdUds *Other verbs that have the Z change are: VerbMeaningYo form 1. AgradecerTo appreciateAgradezco 2. AparecerTo appearAparezco 3. CrecerTo growCrezco 4. MerecerTo deserveMerezco 5. ObedecerTo obeyObedezco 6. TraducirTo translateTraduzco 12

G Hacer (to do/make) YohagoNosotroshacemos Túhaces ÉlEllos EllahaceEllashacen UdUds *Other verbs that have the G change are: VerbMeaningYo Form 1. Caer(se)To fallCaigo 2. PonerTo putPongo 3. SalirTo leave/go outSalgo 4. TraerTo bringTraigo 5. ValerTo have worthValgo 6. DecirTo sayDigo 13

Yo Extras Ver (to see) YoveoNosotrosvemos Túves ÉlEllos EllaveEllasven UdUds Dar (to give) YodoyNosotrosdamos Túdas ÉlEllos ElladaEllasdan UdUds Saber (to know something) YoséNosotrossabemos Túsabes ÉlEllos EllasabeEllassaben UdUds 14

Reminder- Other Irregular Present Tense verbs are: Venir (to come) YovengoNosotrosvenimos Túvienes ÉlEllos EllavieneEllasvienen UdUds Tener (to have) YotengoNosotrostenemos Tútienes ÉlEllos EllatieneEllastienen UdUds *These changes apply for any verb with the above verbs in the body. For example: detener, obtener, intervenir, etc. 15

Decir (to say) YodigoNosotrosdecimos Túdices ÉlEllos ElladiceEllasdicen UdUds Ir (to go) YovoyNosotrosvamos Túvas ÉlEllos EllavaEllasvan UdUds 16

Estar (to be) YoestoyNosotrosestamos Túestás ÉlEllos EllaestáEllasestán UdUds Ser (to be) YosoyNosotrossomos Túeres ÉlEllos EllaesEllasson UdUds Oír (to hear) YooigoNosotrosoímos Túoyes ÉlEllos EllaoyeEllasoyen UdUds 17

SABER Y CONOCER As you just saw, the verbs saber and conocer also have an irregular YO form. Both of these verbs mean to know. Saber is used to express knowledge of simple facts. Conocer means to know in the sense of to be acuainted with. **person or place**

Practice for Yo changers 1) Yo ________ mi tarea. (hacer) 2) Ella _______ su tarea. (hacer) 3) Yo ________ la mesa. (poner) 4) Nosotros _______ la mesa. (poner) 5) Yo ________ pizza a la fiesta. (traer) 6) Ellos ______ pizza a la fiesta. (traer) 7) Yo ________ de la escuela a las 4. (salir) 8) Tú ________ de la escuela a las 4. (salir) 19

Practice for Saber vs Conocer Which is better? Saber or Conocer? 1. Yo _______ escribir en español. 2. Yo _______ a Juan Manuel. 3. Ella _______ Dallas, Texas. 4. Nosotros _______ jugar al fútbol. 5. Yo _______ nadar bien. 6. Yo _______ a muchas personas. 20

Tarea Textbook pageR39, exercise [3] and page R40, exercise [4] 21

1. Many verbs that are irregular in the present tense are only irregular in the YO form. All other forms are regular. These verbs have a G in the yo form.

THE YO - GO VERBS HACER = to make/to do YO: HAGO TÚ: HACES ÉL, ELLA, UD.: HACE NOSOTROS: HACEMOS ELLOS, ELLAS, UDS.: HACEN

PONER = to put YO: PONGO TÚ: PONES ÉL, ELLA, UD.: PONE NOSOTROS: PONEMOS ELLOS, ELLAS, UDS.: PONEN

TRAER = to bring YO: TRAIGO TÚ: TRAES ÉL, ELLA, UD.: TRAE NOSOTROS: TRAEMOS ELLOS, ELLAS, UDS.: TRAEN

SALIR = to leave YO: SALGO TÚ: SALES ÉL, ELLA, UD.: SALE NOSOTROS: SALIMOS ELLOS, ELLAS, UDS.: SALEN

VENIR = to come YO: VENGO TÚ: VIENES ÉL, ELLA, UD.: VIENE NOSOTROS: VENIMOS ELLOS, ELLAS, UDS.: VIENEN

1. ?HACES UN VIAJE?

2. ? HACES UN VIAJE A EUROPA?

3. ? SALES PARA EL AEROPUERTO?

4. ? SALES EN TAXI?

5. ?TRAES EQUIPAJE?

6. ?PONES EL EQUIPAJE EN EL TAXI?

7.?PONES EL EQUIPAJE EN LA BÁSCULA?

8. ? EN QUÉ VUELO SALES? (312)

9. ? SALES DE LA PUERTA DE SALIDA NÚMERO OCHO?

10. ? HACES UN VIAJE A ESPAÑA?