PEDRO’S JOURNAL A voyage with Christopher Columbus August 3, February 14, 1493 Pam Conrad

Task 1 Read through the next 10 slides and write down three things that really surprised you and tell why they surprised you. Record your thoughts on the sheet provided.

The Ships Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus departed from Spain on August 3, 1492, on a fleet of three ships: the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. Nina and Pinta were both smaller, sleeker ships, called caravels. Santa Maria was a larger, round-hulled ship, called a nao. Columbus himself sailed on, and piloted, the Santa Maria. Together, the three ships carried about 120 men, equipment and supplies.Spaincaravels

Christopher Columbus’ Resume BORN Between August 25th and October 31st, 1435 to is the most frequently given date. BIRTHPLACE Columbus said Genoa, Italy. MARITAL STATUS Married Doña Felipa Perestrello e Moniz, 1479 CHILDREN Diego, born to Doña Felipa, 1480, Madeira Islands. Fernando, born to Beatriz, WIDOWER Doña Felipa died between 1481 and SIGNIFICANT OTHER Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, after 1485.

DIED May 20, 1506, Valladolid, Spain, age-related. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Blonde hair (white after age 30), blue eyes, exceptionally keen sense of smell, excellent eyesight, perfect hearing. Perfect physical condition in Moderate in drink, food, and dress; never swore. EXPERIENCE Went to sea at age 14. May have been involved in naval engagement between Franco- Portuguese and Genoese Fleets in Made at least one voyage to England, possibly one to Iceland. Made four voyages to the New World: 1) September 8, 1492 to March 3, 1493; 2) October 7-10, 1493 to June 11, 1496; 3) May 30, 1498 to August 31, 1498 (Santo Domingo, see below for return to Spain); and 4) May 9, 1502 to November 7, 1504 [marooned in Jamaica -- June 25, 1503 to March 7, 1504]. CRIMINAL RECORD Arrested in Santo Domingo August 23, Sent to Spain in chains in October Released December 12, 1500 and summoned to court.

Who was on board? PINTA García Alonso Pedro de Arcos, from Palos Bernal, servant Diego Bermúdez Juan Bermúdez Antón (Antonio) Calabrés Maestre Diego, surgeon Christóbal García Xalmiento (Jalmiento, Sarmiento), pilot Bartolomé García Francisco García Gallego Francisco García Vallejo García Hernández (Fernández), steward Juan de Jérez (Xéres), from Palos Fernando Méndes (Méndez, Mendel) Francisco Méndes (Méndez, Mendel) Alonso de Palos Alvaro Pérez Gil Pérez Juan Pérez Viscaino Martín Alonso Pinzón, Captain Francisco Martín Pinzón, Master Diego Martín Pinzón Juan Quadrado Christóbal Quintero, Owner Juan Quintero Gómez Rascón Juan Reynal Juan Rodríquez Bermejo Pedro Tegero (Tejero, Terreros?) Rodrigo de Triana Juan Veçano (Vezano) Juan Verde de Triana

NIÑA García Alonso Maestre Alonso, physician Juan Arias, cabin boy Juan Arraes Pero (Pedro) Arraes Bartolomé García, boatswain Alonso Gutiérrez Querido Andrés de Huelva Diego Lorenzo Rodrigo Monge (Monte) Alonso de Morales, carpenter Francisco Niño Juan Niño, Owner and Master Pero (Pedro) Alonso (Peralonso) Niño, pilot Juan Ortíz Gutiérrez Pérez Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, Captain Bartolomé Roldán, apprentice pilot Juan Romero Sanco Ruíz (de Gama?) Pero (Pedro) Sánches (Sánchez) Miguel de Soria, servant Pedro de Soria Fernando de Triana

SANTA MARIA Pedro de Acevedo Master Alonso, physician Diego Bermúdez Pedro del Bilbao Bartolomé Biues (Vives?) Cristóbal Caro, goldsmith Chachú, boatswain Alonso Chocero Alonso Clavijo (criminal granted amnesty) Cristóbal Colón, Captain-General Juan de la Cosa, Owner and Master Antonio de Cuellar, carpenter Master Diego, boatswain Rodrigo de Escobar Ruíz (Ruy) Fernández Gonzalo Franco Rodrigo Gallego, servant Ruíz (Ruy) García Francisco de Huelva Juan, servant Maestre Juan Juan de Jérez Rodrigo de Jérez (Xérez) Diego Leál Pedro de Lepe Domingo de Lequeitio Lope (López), joiner Juan Martínes (Martínez) de Açoque Juan Medina, tailor Juan de Moguer (criminal granted amnesty) Diego Pérez, painter Juan de la Plaça (Plaza) Jacomél Rico Juan Ruíz de la Peña Sanco Ruíz (de Gama?), pilot Diego de Salcedo, servant of Columbus Juan Sánchez, physician Rodrigo (Pedro?) Sánchez, Comptroller of fleet Pedro de Terreros (Tejero), steward Pedro de Terreros, cabin boy Bartolomé de Torres (criminal granted amnesty) Luis de Torres, interpreter Martín Urtubía Pedro de Villa Domingo Vizcaino Pedro Yzquierdo (criminal granted amnesty)

Forty-two men were left behind in La Navidad

Columbus’ Journal

Excerpts from his journal… Thursday I I October He [sometimes Columbus refers to himself in the third person] steered west-southwest. They took much water aboard, more than they had taken in the whole voyage. They saw petrels and a green bulrush near the ship. The men of the caravel Pinta saw a cane and a stick, and took on board another small stick that appeared to have been worked with iron, and a piece of cane, and other vegetation originating on land, and a small plank. The men of the caravel Nina also saw other signs of land and a small stick loaded with barnacles. With these signs everyone breathed more easily and cheered up. On this day, up to sunset, they made 27 leagues.

Sunday 14 October As soon as it dawned I ordered the ship's boat and the launches of the caravels made ready and went north-northeast along the island in order to see what there was in the other part, which was the eastern part. And also to see the villages, and I soon saw two or three, as well as people, who all came to the beach calling to us and giving thanks to God. Some of them brought us water; others, other things to eat; others, when they saw that I did not care to go ashore, threw themselves into the sea swimming and came to us, and we understood that they were asking us if we had come from the heavens.

All 4 of Columbus’ Voyages

Task 2 Columbus’s discovery was not celebrated during his lifetime. Many people in his day did not agree with his theories about the earth being round. It was not until three hundred years after his discovery that Columbus Day began to be celebrated. Columbus died not knowing how famous he would become. Make a list of pros (good points) and cons (bad points) pertaining to Columbus’ voyage. Which outweighs the other? Do you think that Columbus’s first voyage was a success based on the novel Pedro’s Journal? Write a paragraph, using the Yes Ma’am format using support from the lists you made.

Task 3 If you’re finished with task 1 & 2, do some research on Columbus & record interesting facts on a blank sheet of paper to share. You may print any interesting pictures you find as well.