…is a compound past tense, made up of Pretérito Perfecto …is a compound past tense, made up of a helping verb (HABER) + a past participle (-ado & -ido).
A TIME IN THE PAST THAT’S UNFINISHED The Preterite Perfect is used to describe past actions within an unfinished timeframe. Ej: “Hoy he comido cereales para el desayuno (breakfast).” Hoy, today, is yet an unfinished time frame, however, breakfast occurred in the past (this morning).
A TIME IN THE PAST THAT’S finished and recent The Preterite Perfect is used to describe past actions in a finished/completed time period that the SPEAKER considers to be close to the present (i.e., recent past). “Este verano he viajado mucho.” “Este verano”, in my opinion, is close, or I want you to feel it close, in our conversation.
- “¿Has estado alguna vez en Alemania?” “Sí, he estado dos veces.” EVENTS IN THE PAST THAT have happened (or NOT) but of which you tell of their frequency The Preterite Perfect is used to express the completion (or not) of an event in the past (can include a timeframe headging up to the present) of which you speak of it’s frequency of occurrence : - “¿Has estado alguna vez en Alemania?” “Sí, he estado dos veces.” una vez – once / dos, tres, cuatro… veces (times)
haber (presente) + participio pasado HABER is a helping verb meaning “to have”. It is ONLY used to form other tenses. When otherwise talking about things you have, use the verb TENER. A PAST PARTICIPLE is the form of a verb, typically ending in -ed in English, that is used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective, e.g., looked in have you looked? haber (presente) + participio pasado yo tú él/ella/usted nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/ustedes (no) he (no) has (no) ha (no) hemos (no) habéis (no) han -ado -ido Note : Shhhhh! The “h”, in the begining of each word is always silent!
He amado He comido He vivido Has amado Has comido Has vivido Ha amado Verbos terminados en –ar (AMAR) Verbos terminados en –er (comer) Verbos terminados en –ir (vivir) YO He amado He comido He vivido TÚ Has amado Has comido Has vivido ÉL Ha amado Ha comido Ha vivido NOSOTROS Hemos amado Hemos comido Hemos vivido VOSOTROS Habéis amado Habéis comido Habéis vivido ELLOS Han amado Han comido Han vivido Note: All regular past participles will always follow the pattern above.
Expresiones de tiempo You may use this tense with… Este (this, m ) fin de semana Este mes Este año Este semestre Este verano Este otoño Este invierno Esta (this, f) primavera Esta mañana Esta tarde Esta noche Esta semana
Hace 10 minutos => 10 minutes ago / It’s been 10 minutes HACE = ago / it’s been Hace 10 minutos => 10 minutes ago / It’s been 10 minutes Hace un momento Hace un instante Hace un rato Hace menos de 24 horas
FRECUENCIA… Siempre Toda mi vida Muchas veces Varias veces Algunas veces # veces – 2 veces Ninguna vez Nunca Jamás Ya Todavía no Aún no
Algunos verbos irregulares en el participio ¡Incorrecto ! Infinitivo ¡Correcto! Cubrir (to cover) Poner (to put) Decir (to say) Devolver (to return smtg) Romper (to break) Hacer (to do) Escribir (to write) Descubrir (to discover) Volver (to return smwh) Ver (to see) Abrir (to open) Cubrido Ponido Decido Devolvido Rompido Hacido Escribido Descubrido Volvido Vido Abrido Cubierto Puesto Dicho Devuelto Roto Hecho Escrito Descubierto Vuelto Visto Abierto