The past participle and the present perfect tense.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

The past participle and the present perfect tense

The past participle is formed by adding -ado to the stem of -ar verbs and -ido to the stem of - er and -ir verbs. tomar –Tomado taken comer –Comido eaten vivir –Vivido lived

An accent mark is added to the past participle of -er and -ir verbs whose stems end in -a, -e, or -o. caer creer leer oír reír traer caído creído leído oído reído traído fallen believed read heard laughed brought

The following verbs have irregular past participles. abrir to open abierto cubrirto covercubierto decirto say, telldicho descubrir*to discoverdescubierto escribirto writeescrito hacerto do, makehecho imprimirto printimpreso irto goido morirto diemuerto ponerto put, placepuesto resolverto resolveresuelto romperto break, break throughroto serto besido verto seevisto volverto returnvuelto *TIP: Don’t forget that verbs with the same base form as an irregular verb will also have the same irregular past participles.

In both English and Spanish, past participles may be used as adjectives to modify a noun. In Spanish, when the past participle is used as an adjective, in agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. Esa pintura fue hecha en el Perú. That painting was made in Perú. La catedral fue construida in The cathedral was constructed in La gente está desilusionada. The people are disillusioned. Las ventanas están rotas. The windows are broken.

The present perfect is a compund tense that requires two verbs. In English, the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb to have + past participle. In Spanish, the present is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber + past participle. Haber Past Participle yohe túhas Ud., él, ellahatomado/comido/ nosotros/ashemosvivido vosotros/ashabéis Uds., ellos, ellashan

In general, the present perfect is used to refer to a past action or event that is perceived as having some bearing on the present. Últimamente mis padres han experimentado muchas dificultades personales, pero hasta ahora han logrado superarlas. –My parents have experienced many personal difficulties lately, but so far they’ve managed to overcome them.

The auxiliary verb haber agrees with the subject of the sentence. The past participle does not change. ¿Has intentado llamar a tu amiga? –Have you tried to call your friend? No, pero he hablado con su madre. –No, but I’ve spoken with her mother.

The auxiliary verb haber and the past participle cannot be separated by another word. Object pronouns and negative words are always placed before haber. ¿Has conocido al señor malhumorado? –Have you met the bad-tempered man? No le he conocido todavía. –No, I haven’t met him yet. ¿Engaño el político a los votantes? –Did the politician deceive the voters? Sin duda los ha engañado. –Without a doubt, he has deceived them.

The verb haber is not interchangeable with tener. Haber means to have only when used as an auxiliary verb with the past participle. Tener means to have or to own in the sense of possession. El director del colegio tiene pocas opciones. –The school principal has few options. ¿Tienes algún mal habito? –Do you have any bad habits?

Remember that you can use the present tense of acabar de + infinitive in oder to describe an event that has just happened. El vanidoso acaba de anunciar su buena fortuna. –The conceited man had just announced his good fortune. Acabo de prevenir una crisis. –I have just prevented a crisis.

Translate these sentences into Spanish. What have they done? –¿Qué han hecho? Have you left? (fam. S) –¿Has salido tú? Has he called? –¿Ha llamado él? Where have they been? –¿Dónde han estado ellos? What has she broken? –¿Qué ha roto ella?

How much have we read? –¿Cuánto hemos leído? How many have you seen (form, P)? –¿Cuántos han visto ustedes? Why has it died? –¿Por qué ha muerto? Who has written? –¿Quién ha escrito? What have they said? –¿Qué han dicho?

Give the present perfect form of the verb. ¿(Lavar) _____ usted los vasos? –¿Ha lavado usted los vasos? Estos pobres (tener) ____ demasiadas dificultades. –Estos pobres han tenido demasiadas dificultades. Pepe, ¿(salir) ____ ya tu mamá? –Pepe, ¿ha salido ya tu mamá? Mi familia y yo (dar) ____ mucho a los pobres. –Mi familia y yo hemos dado mucho a los pobres.

(yo) (aceptar) ____ consejos. –(yo) He aceptado consejos. ¿(Recoger) ____ (vosotros) los anuncios. –Habéis recogido los anuncios. Tú (decidir) _____ ya, ¿no? –Tú has decidido ya, ¿no? ¿(Preguntar) _____ ustedes el precio? –¿Han preguntado Uds. el precio? (Nosotros) (nacer) ____ en una nación democrática. –(Nosotros) Hemos nacido en una nación democrática.

Choose between the uses of tener and haber. (Yo) ______ una raqueta de tenis. (Yo) _____ preparado mi disertación. (Yo) ______ todos los ejercicios preparados. ¿No _____ llamado (tú) todavía? No, (nosotros) no _____ llamado. Por fin, mamá lo _____ preparado todo. ¿_____ aprendido ustedes a practicar karate? Sí, nosotros _____ dos pares de zapatos de tenis. ¿(Tú) ______ contado el dinero? Sí, (yo) _____ todo el dinero. tengo he tengo has hemos ha Han tenemos has tengo

Ask a partner the following questions. They must respond using the present perfect. _____, ¿Has estado enfermo/a? _____, ¿ Has escuchado las noticias? Señora, ¿ha perdido usted algo? _____, ¿He respondido bien? _____, ¿He contestado tu pregunta? Has corrido cinco millas. ¿no?