subjuntivitis

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE -AR VERBS  Take the first person of the verb  Remove –o and add endings e es e emos éis en

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE -ER / -IR VERBS  Take the first person of the verb  Remove –o and add endings a as a amos áis an

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE IRREGULARS  caberquepa  dardé (accents 1 st and 3 rd person sing.)  estaresté(accents all but 1 st person plu.)  haberhaya  irvaya  sabersepa sersea

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE RADICAL CHANGING VERBS a) Change happens as in the present tense e.g. VOLVERvuelva vuelvas vuelva volvamos volváis vuelvan

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE RADICAL CHANGING VERBS b) 1 ST AND 2 nd PERSON PLURAL  o…….ir verbs O U e.g. DORMIRduerma duermas duerma durmamos durmáis duerman

THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE RADICAL CHANGING VERBS b) cont.  e……ir verbs E I e.g. SENTIRsienta sientas sienta sintamos sintáis sientan

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #1 EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE para queso that a fin de quein order to con el objeto de quewith the objective of de modo quein such a way that con tal queprovided that a condición de queon condition that

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #1 EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE, cont. de manera queso that en caso de quein case that a menos queunless a no ser queunless sin quewithout antes de quebefore aunqueeven though, even if

EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE - PRACTICE 1. I will fail the exam unless I study 2. It’s necessary to recycle so that we protect the environment 3. She gives a lot to charity although she is poor 4. A hurricane can kill a lot of people unless they shelter themselves 5. I’m going to tidy my room before my mum complains

EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE - PRACTICE 6. She can never do anything without her boyfriend knowing 7. I have to close my eyes so that they don’t hurt 8. They read the paper a lot so that (which means that) they are always aware of what is happening in the world 9. We’ll go to the disco unless it’s too busy 10. Warn him before it’s too late

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #1 ANSWERS Suspenderé el examen a menos que estudie Es necesario reciclar para que protejamos el medio ambiente 3. Da mucho a obras benefices aunque sea pobre 4. Un huracán puede matar a mucha gente a menos que la gente se abrige 5. Voy a arreglar mi dormitorio antes de que se queje mi madre

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #1 ANSWERS 6. Nunca puede hacer nada sin que se entere/sepa su novio 7. Tengo que cerrar los ojos para que no me duelan 8. Leen mucho el periódico de manera que siempre estén enterados de lo que pasa en el mundo 9. Iremos a la discoteca a menos que sea demasiado ocupada 10. Avísale antes de que sea demasiado tarde

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A) INFLUENCING OTHERS Verbs of wanting, liking, ordering, advising, allowing or causing someone/something to do an action Verbs of avoiding, preventing or prohibiting someone/something from doing an action The subject of the two verbs must be different e.g. Quiero ayudar(I want, I help) ¿Quieres que te ayude?(you want, I help)

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A) INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. MOST COMMON VERBS decirmandarsugerirquerer permitirexigirpedirimplorar prohibir preferiraconsejarhacer conseguirlograr impedir recomendar consentir (en)

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A)INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. EXAMPLES Quiero que no tengas frío It's irrelevant whether the person is cold or not. The sentence expresses a wish, not reality. Se permite que lleven chaquetas allí The phrase expresses permission for an action to take place.

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A)INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. Decide if the following require subjunctive or not, and then choose the correct answer 1. I want you to eat with me. Quiero que comes conmigo. Quiero que comas conmigo. Quiero que comieras conmigo. Quiero que comís conmigo.

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A)INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. 2. I want her to work. Quiero la trabajar. Quiero trabajarla. Quiero que la trabajaba. Quiero que trabaje. Quiero que la trabaje. Quiera la trabajar. Quiera la trabaja. Quiera que trabaja.

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A)INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. 3. I want to work. Quiero trabajar. Quiera trabajar. Quiera que trabaje. Quiera trabaje. Quisiera trabaje. Quiero me trabaja.

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement A)INFLUENCING OTHERS, cont. 4. They want me to work. Quieren me trabajar. Quieren me trabaje. Quieren que me trabaje. Quieren que trabaje. Quieran que trabaje. Quieran que me trabaje

B)EMOTIONAL REACTIONS AFTER VERBS / EXPRESSIONS OF JOY, SADNESS, ANGER, SORROW, FEAR, ETC.. sentir alegrarse (de que) estar contento (de que) estar sorprendido (de que) temer que e.g. Nos alegra mucho que puedas estar aquí

C)VALUE JUDGEMENTS REACTIONS OF INDIGNATION, INCREDULITY, JUSTIFICATION, APPROVAL, DISAPPROVAL OR CONCERN es lástima que sería mejor que es una verguenza que es asqueroso que es increíble que e.g. Es una verguenza que no podamos salir sin miedo No me gustó que ocurriese así

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #2 Influence, emotion, judgement PRACTICE 1. I begged them to be quiet 2. I want you all to listen to me 3. He permitted us to go to Spain 4. They wanted me to eat squid! 5. Tell Josie not to watch TV 6. I ask you to accept my offer 7. I’d prefer you to come tomorrow 8. I’d rather you came tomorrow 9. She was afraid that he would follow her 10.We are sorry you are stressed 11. We hope you will return next year 12.I’m afraid he may leave me 13.I am surprised that you travel first class 14.How strange that they’re not here! 15.He is surprised that you are saying that 16.I am scared that it may upset him 17.It annoys me that you complain so much 18.It surprises me that he hasn’t written to us 19.It’s incredible that he has behaved like that! It is disgusting that young people have to live like that

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #3 DOUBT, DISBELIEF & POSSIBILITY A)EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT dudar queto doubt whether es dudoso queit’s doubtful whether parece dudoso queit seems doubtful that resulta dudoso queit turns out to be doubtful that temer queto be afraid that esperar queto hope that e.g. Es dudoso que nos ayuden

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #3 DOUBT, DISBELIEF & POSSIBILITY A)EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT In the negative, these expressions take the indicative e.g. No dudo que vais a aprobar

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #3 DOUBT, DISBELIEF & POSSIBILITY B)EXPRESSIONS OF UNCERTAINTY Expressions of uncertainty in the NEGATIVE + subjunctive e.g. No es cierto que sepan la verdad

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #3 DOUBT, DISBELIEF & POSSIBILITY C)EXPRESSIONS OF DISBELIEF Verbs of knowing, saying, thinking in NEGATIVE + subjunctive e.g. No creo que sea el caso No puedo decir tenga razón Questions with negative implications e.g. ¿Tú crees que todo salga bien? N.B. If you don’t know/can’t say/don’t think so = DOUBT

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #3 DOUBT, DISBELIEF & POSSIBILITY D)POSSIBILITY/PROBABILITY imply doubt (not total certainty) = subjunctive Es posible/probable que Parece /Resulta /probable que Hay/existe la posibilidad/probabilidad de que Puede (ser) que

Imploré que estuvieran callados Quiero que me escuchéis todos Permitió que fuéramos a España Quieren que coma calamares Di a Josie que no vea la tele Ruego que aceptes mi oferta Prefiero que vengas mañana Preferiría que vinieras mañana Temía que le siguiera Sentimos que estés estresado/a

Esperamos que vuelvas el año que viene Temo que me deje Me sorprende que viajes de primera clase ¡Qué raro que no estén aquí! Le sorprende que digas eso Temo que le moleste Me molesta que te quejes tanto Me extraña que no nos escriba Es increíble que se haya comportado así Es asqueroso que los jóvenes tienen que vivir de esa manera

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS A) FUTURITY The subjunctive must be used after the following expressions when they refer to actions which have not yet taken place but which may (or may not) take place in the future:

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS A)FUTURITY así queso en cuantoas soon as tan pronto como no bien…no sooner…(than…) hasta queuntil después de queafter mientras as long as…., while…. una vez queonce cuandowhen

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS e.g. Hasta que se cambie la ley, no podremos hacer nada Mientras no se cambie la ley, ….. N.B. Use the subjunctive when the action had not taken place at the time of reference

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS e.g. Todos estábamos de acuerdo de que no podríamos hacer nada hasta que se cambiara la ley We were all agreed that we wouldn’t be able to do anything until the law was changed **When these expressions are used to record a fact with no reference to the future, they are followed by the indicative

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS B) PURPOSE Subjunctive used after phrases meaning ‘so that, in order that’, which indicate purpose para que a que a fin de que con el objeto de que de modo que e.g. Doy muchos deberes para que aprobéis el examen

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS C) EXPRESSIONS REQUIRING SUBJUNCTIVE antes de quebefore con tal queprovided that a condición de queon condition that a no ser queunless a menos queunless sin que without aunqueeven though, even if

USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE #4 FUTURITY, PURPOSE & OTHER EXPRESSIONS C) EXPRESSIONS REQUIRING SUBJUNCTIVE, cont. e.g. Iré al parque a menos que llueva **When ‘aunque’ means ‘although’, and simply reports a fact, it is followed by the indicative