MICROSCOPIA Y MORFOLOGIA CELULAR

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Transcripción de la presentación:

MICROSCOPIA Y MORFOLOGIA CELULAR AGRUPACION

Table 3.1 componentes de la célula procariota Pared celular: protección contra lisis osmótica, morfología celular. Espacio periplásmico: enzimas hidrolíticas (degradación de sustratos), unión a proteínas transporte de sustratos-quimiotaxis Membrana plasmática: Barrera de permeabilidad selectiva, Transporte de nutrientes y deshechos celulares. Localización de los principales procesos metabólicos (respiración, fotosíntesis), Detección de factores ambientales (quimiotaxis) Ribosomas, síntesis de proteínas (Subunidades 30S y 50S. Nucleoide: región de localización del material genético (ADN)

Vesículas de gas: regulación de la densidad de células por flotación en ambientes acuáticos Cuerpos de inclusión: reserva de C, fosfato, azufre. Fimbrias y pelos: adherencia a superficies, conjugación. Factor de virulencia. Flagelos: movilidad (swimming, swarming-twitching) Cápsula: resistencia a la fagocitosis, adherencia a superficies. Factor de virulencia. Capa S: capa de naturaleza proteica o glicoproteína. Estructura cristalina. Mantiene la forma y rigidez en algunas bacterias. Promueve la adhesión a superficies. Resistencia a la fagocitosis, adherencia a superficies. Factor de virulencia. Endosporos: sobrevida bajo condiciones ambientales adversas.

Colesterol (Sterol) Compuestos que refuerzan la membrana citoplasmática Eucariotas Diploptene (Hopanoid) Procariotas (B)

MEMBRANA CITOPLASMATICA DE ARQUEAS isopreno Arquea Bacteria

Fitanil (20C) Glicerol dieter Glicerol tetraeter

PARED CELULAR PEPTIDO GLICANO (Mureina)

PARED CELULAR GRAM NEGATIVO

PARED CELULAR GRAM POSITIVO

GRAM-Positivos Ac teicoicos: Polímeros del P-ribitol o P-glicerol

Pared celular bacteriana

PARED CELULAR Mycobacterium

Síntesis del PEPTIDOGLICANO

PARED CELULAR Mycobacterium Lipoarabinomanan P-inositolmanosido Pared celular Arabinogalactano Ac. micólico Lipidos m.c. PG

Paredes de Arqueas: Pseudopeptidoglicano: NAG---NA.talosaminuronico, U-1,3 Pared de Methanosarcina: Glucosa-glucuronico-galactosamina-Acetato Pared de Halococcus: Glucosa-glucuronico-galactosamina-SO4= Las paredes de Arqueas son resistentes a Penicilina y a lisozima

Chromatium vinosum, a purple sulfur bacterium, with intracellular sulfur granules, light field (2,000). Magnetotactic Bacteria. (a) Transmission electron micrograph of the magnetotactic bacterium Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum. Polyhydroxybutyrate in Ralstonia eutropha H16 Fig. 1 Intracellular lipid inclusions in bacteria. A) Electronmicroscopical photograph of TAG-inclusions in Rhodococcus opacus PD630. B) Wax ester-inclusions in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ADP1.

Observación de metacromacia: gránulos de volutina (PO4-3) Bifidobacterium Gram positivo, no-móvil, pleomórfico. Observación de metacromacia: gránulos de volutina (PO4-3)

Bacillus thuringiensis cells stained for the presence of PHB Description: Cells were cultivated on YPD agar for 48 h at 28C. A heat fixed smear was stained with Sudan black and counterstained with safranin. The slide was observed under brightfield microscopy with a 100 X oil immersion objective

Cápsulas Unspecified species    (~1000x) This slide has been negatively stained (with congo red ) to show the presence of the mucopolysaccharide capsule.

La disposición de flagelos (valor taxonómico) Movilidad: swimming swarming twitching

Microorganismo: Monotrico Lofotrico Anfitrico Peritrico Exemple de coloration flagellaire (Leifson) d'une souche de Vibrio

Flagelos Proteus vulgaris Ba 156   (~2000x) A special stain (pararosaniline) has been used to build up the flagella so that they can be seen on this peritrichous bacillus.

Spirillum with Amphitrichous Arrangement of Flagella Spirillum volutans

Movimiento hacia un atrayente químico y desde un repelente quimico. QUIMIOTAXIS: Movimiento hacia un atrayente químico y desde un repelente quimico. Rotación CAR Rotación AR

Schematic diagram of bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction. Schematic diagram of bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction. Transmembrane receptor proteins bind chemoeffectors and, through an adapter protein, CheW, control the activity of histidine protein kinase CheA. The cytoplasmic domains of the receptors are methylated by methyltransferase CheR and demethylated by methylesterase CheB. Attractant binding decreases kinase activity, while receptor methylation increases kinase activity. CheA provides phosphoryl groups to CheY and CheB, producing active forms of these proteins. Phosphorylated CheB demethylates receptors, providing a feedback loop that contributes to adaptation. The response regulator, phosphorylated CheY, binds to the flagellar motor, inducing clockwise flagellar rotation and a tumbling response. CheZ accelerates the dephosphorylation of CheY. The dashed lines indicate two postulated mechanisms for amplification of the excitation signal. Arrowheads and bars represent positive and negative regulation of phosphorylation, methylation, and clockwise flagellar rotation. Stock A M PNAS 1999;96:10945-10947 ©1999 by The National Academy of Sciences

Espiroqueta

A. Célula de Treponema dentícola observada por microscopía de campo oscuro. Treponema dentícola es una espiroqueta responsable de la peridontitis. Barra: 5 mm. B. Célula de Treponema dentícola en el proceso de división celular. La célula se alarga separándose en dos células hijas. Barra: 5 mm. C. Microscopía electrónica de lo que queda de una célula luego que la membrana externa es removida por tratamiento con detergente (1 % de deoxicolato de sodio por 10 mins). Después del tratamiento, los filamentos flagelares periplasmáticos (PFF) se sueltan, y pueden observarse los filamentos citoplasmáticos (CF). Barra: 1 mm. (3).

Síntesis de acido dipicolínico Acumulación de Ca++ Descenso del pH Exosporio Cubierta del esporo (Proteína /queratina) Córtex (peptidoglicano con uniones laxas) Core (Nucleoide y Ribosomas) Deshidratación Síntesis de acido dipicolínico Acumulación de Ca++ Descenso del pH Síntesis de SASPs

Se infiere la presencia de esporos Clostridium tetani,   (~2000x) Note that the cells with spores look like lollypops in this etiological agent of tetanus.  Clasificación Morfología Agrupación Se infiere la presencia de esporos Clostridium botulinum,   (~2000x) These cells bearing spores are only slightly enlarged at the spore containing end in this etiological agent of botulism, caused by a protienaceous exotoxin which

Esporos Forma del esporo Posición del esporo (Bacillus anthracis). A rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax in animals and humans. GRAM Forma del esporo Posición del esporo Deformante o no deformante Moeller. Clostridium Dorner. In this stain, red endospores are in coloreless cells.