Elements and Their Properties

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Elements and Their Properties 17.1

ROWS Left to right – called periods Period # indicates the number of energy levels each atom in the row has De izquierda a derecha - períodos llamados Los elementos en los mismos períodos muestran patrones de izquierda a derecha: cambio de conductividad / reactividad, los elementos se vuelven menos metálicos El # de período indica el número de niveles de energía que tiene cada átomo en la fila 从左到右 - 称为时期 同一时期的元素从左到右显示图案 - 电导率/反应性变化,元素变得不那么金属化 Period#表示该行中每个原子的能级数

COLUMNS Top to bottom – called groups Elements in a group have similar chemical properties and show trends. The elements in the same group (column) have the same number of valence electrons De arriba a abajo - llamados grupos Los elementos de un grupo tienen propiedades químicas similares y muestran tendencias de arriba a abajo Los elementos en el mismo grupo (columna) tienen el mismo número de electrones de valencia 从上到下 - 称为群组 一组中的元素具有相似的化学性质并且从上到下显示趋势 同一组(列)中的元素具有相同数量的价电子

Classes of Elements Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids

Metals

Properties of Metals Hard Solid at room temperature except mercury Luster - shiny

Best conductors: silver and copper Properties of Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Copper Wiring Best conductors: silver and copper

Properties of Metals Malleable - bendable Can be shaped or formed by hammering or pressure Can be beaten into thin sheets Aluminum is malleable.

Properties of Metals Ductile - stretchable Can be drawn into a wire

Alkali Metals Group 1 are the most reactive of all metals Don’t occur in nature in their element form

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Shiny Ductile Malleable Combine readily with other elements

Transition Elements Groups 3 – 12 Most familiar metals because they often occur in nature uncombined

Inner Transition Metals – listed below table Lanthanide Series = elements with atomic numbers 58 – 71 Actinide Series – elements with atomic numbers 90 – 103